| 词条 | De Proprietatibus Elementorum |
| 释义 |
De Proprietatibus Elementorum (English: On the Properties of the Elements) is a Medieval Arabic treatise on geology. It is also known as De Causis Proprietatum Elementorum, De Proprietatibus Elementorum et Planetarum or simply De Elementis.{{sfn|Vermij|1998|p=324}} It was probably written in the ninth{{sfn|Vermij|1998|p=324}} or tenth century.{{sfn|Crombie|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bGDScHy1clsC&pg=PA133 133]}} The author of the work claimed to be Aristotle, but eventually it was determined that it was an original work by an Arab author. Consequently, the work is now attributed to a Pseudo-Aristotle.{{sfn|Peters|1961|p=[https://books.google.nl/books?id=RswUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA57 57–58]}} HistoryThe work did not have a lasting impact on science in the medieval Islamic world, but it became important in Europe after it was translated to Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the twelfth century.{{sfn|Peters|1961|p=[https://books.google.nl/books?id=RswUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA57 57–58]}} By the thirteenth century, it had become one of the three main sources for medieval knowledge on geology, together with Aristotle's Meteorology and Avicenna's De Mineralibus. These three treatises were an important influence on the study of geology by Albertus Magnus.{{sfn|Crombie|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bGDScHy1clsC&pg=PA133 133–135]}} When scholars started to recognize during the Renaissance that De Proprietatibus Elementorum was not written by Aristotle, it was removed from the academic curriculum.{{sfn|Vermij|1998|p=324}} ContentIn his work Meteorology, Aristotle explained that the earth as an element was cold and dry. He did not cover phenomena related to terrestrial heat. De Proprietatibus Elementorum filled this lacuna with its inquiry on volcanoes and hot springs. According to the work large quantities of sulfur in the interior of a mountain caused volcanic eruptions. Winds and waters present at the foot of the mountain could set fire to this sulfur, particularly in the case of Mount Etna.{{sfn|Vermij|1998|p=324–325}} Its explanation of hot springs seems to have been taken by an unknown work from Theophrastus. Theophrastus or the pseudo-Aristotle first dismisses several explanations provided by Democritus, Mileus and Rentifolus, the latter two possibly Thales and Xenophanes. The opinion of the author follows, that water gets heated by beds of sulfur before it emerges on the surface. Naphtha is associated with this process, because together with sulfur it forms a kind of burner to transport fuel to the fire.{{sfn|Vermij|1998|p=328}} ReferencesSources{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}{{cite book |last=Peters |first=Francis E. |year=1968 |title=Aristoteles Arabus: The Oriental Translations and Commentaries of the Aristotelian Corpus |location=Leiden |publisher=E. J. Brill |ref=harv}} {{cite book |last=Crombie |first=Alistair Cameron |year=1995 |title=The History of Science from Augustine to Galileo |location=Mineola, New York |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486288505 |ref=harv}} {{cite journal |last=Vermij |first=Rienk |year=1998 |title=Subterranean Fire. Changing Theories of the Earth during the Renaissance |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=323–347 |jstor=4130115 |ref=harv}}{{refend}}{{Authority control}} 6 : 9th-century Arabic books|10th-century Arabic books|Medieval literature|Scientific works of medieval Islam|Works of unknown authorship|Pseudoaristotelian works |
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