| 词条 | Prince George, British Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Prince George | official_name = City of Prince George | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = File:2017-05-05-PrinceGeorge.jpg | image_caption = An aerial view of Prince George | image_flag = Flag of Prince George, British Columbia.svg | image_blank_emblem = City of Prince George logo.png | image_seal = | image_shield = | nickname = | motto = "Shaping A Northern Destiny" | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Prince George in British Columbia | coordinates = {{coord|53|55|01|N|122|44|58|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_type2 = Indigenous territories | subdivision_type3 = Regional District | subdivision_name1 = British Columbia | subdivision_name2 = Unceded Lheidli T'enneh territory | subdivision_name3 = Fraser-Fort George | established_title = Established | established_date = 1807 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = March 6, 1915 | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Lyn Hall | leader_title1 = Governing body | leader_name1 = Prince George City Council | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 318.26 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_metro_km2 = 17686.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 575 | population_total = 74,003 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 226.1 | population_metro = 86,622 | population_density_metro_km2 = 4.8 | population_note = | postal_code_type = Forward sortation area | postal_code = V2K - V2N | area_code = 250 / 778 / 236 | website = {{URL|http://princegeorge.ca/}} | leader_title2 = MPs | leader_name2 = Todd Doherty Bob Zimmer | leader_title3 = MLAs | leader_name3 = Shirley Bond Mike Morris | timezone = PST | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = PDT | utc_offset_DST = −7 | blank_name = Highways | blank_info = {{jct|state=BC|TCH|16}} Trans-Canada Highway {{jct|state=BC|BC|97}} }} Prince George, with a population of 74,003 (census agglomeration of 86,622),[1] is the largest city in northern British Columbia, Canada, and is the "Northern Capital" of BC.[2] It is situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako Rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 16 and Highway 97. HistoryThe origins of Prince George can be traced to the North West Company fur trading post of Fort George, which was established in 1807 by Simon Fraser and named in honour of King George III.[3] The post was centred in the centuries-old homeland of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation, whose very name means "people of the confluence of the two rivers." 1800sThroughout the 19th century Fort George remained unchanged, while Fort St. James reigned as the main trading post and capital of the New Caledonia area. Even during the Cariboo Gold Rush, Fort George was isolated, although Quesnel prospered as the Cariboo Road was built to its doorstep, making it the main staging area for the miners going to the goldfields at Barkerville. Then, when the Collins Overland Telegraph Trail was built in 1865–67, it bypassed Fort George, following the Blackwater Trail from Quesnel and continuing northwest towards Hazelton. Grand Trunk Pacific Railway{{Main|Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River in British Columbia}}Finally in 1903, Fort George's fortune began to change when reports said that the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (later part of CN Rail) would pass near the fur post. In 1906, agricultural settlement began around Fort George and then in 1909, development of the town began as two rival land speculation companies built the communities of South Fort George and Central Fort George. South Fort George was built on the Fraser River near the Hudson's Bay Company’s trading post and Central Fort George was built two miles (3 km) to the northwest on the Nechako River. Both communities flourished due to the marketing strategies of the land promoter for Central Fort George, George Hammond, who advertised the community all over Canada and Britain, describing Fort George in glowing terms as being the future hub of British Columbia, having mild winters and being suitable for any agricultural endeavour (except for the growing of peaches). Ten paddle steamer sternwheelers serviced the area, coming up on the Fraser River from Soda Creek.[4] Properties were sold in both of the main townsites and many others nearby, such as Birmingham, Fort Salmon,[5] Nechako Heights and Willow City. By 1913, South and Central Fort George each had a population of 1500 and were booming as thousands of rail construction workers came to town for supplies and entertainment.[6] Both communities believed that the Grand Trunk Pacific station and townsite would be built in their town, and both were disappointed when the railway purchased the {{convert|1366|acre|km2}} of land in between them from the Lhiedli T'enneh instead, even though Charles Vance Millar, then the owner of the BC Express Company, was well into negotiations to purchase that property himself.[7] The railway compensated Millar by giving him {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of the property and, by 1914, when the railway was completed, there were four major communities in Fort George: South, Central, Millar Addition and the railway's townsite, Prince George, where the station was built. Although George Hammond fought a series of bitter legal battles for a station for Central and for the right to incorporate, the railway won in the end and the City of Prince George was incorporated on March 6, 1915. EtymologyThere were three rationales given for naming the new city as Prince George:
Businessmen in Hammond, Fort George petitioned the provincial government to block the new name but they were unsuccessful.[8] In May 1915, residents voted by plebiscite to name the new city as Prince George.[9] War yearsWith the onset of World War I in 1914, the local economy was devastated as many local men enlisted and the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway was halted, creating a massive drop in population, a problem that was exacerbated by the ensuing Spanish flu epidemic of 1918.[10] Prince George persevered through the 1920s and the Great Depression of the 1930s and did not experience any significant growth until World War II when an army camp was built at the foot of Cranbrook Hill, bringing new life to the struggling businesses and service industries. Army Camp Prince George was opened during WWII and once housed 6,000 soldiers. From March 1942 – October 1943, divisional troops and units of the 16th Infantry Brigade (8th Canadian Infantry Division) were housed there. The camp was located in the area of 1st Street, Central Street,15th Ave, to the bottom of Cranbrook Hill. Barracks were built to house the soldiers, dining halls constructed to feed them, and wet canteens for their leisure and entertainment. There were rifle ranges, mortar ranges and artillery ranges. The camp closed at the end of the war. Most of the buildings were either demolished or moved to new locations, although some remain in their original locations, such as the former transportation building on 15th Avenue, that was used by the British Columbia Forestry Service from the late 1940s to 1963. It is now owned by the City of Prince George for use by the Community Arts Council. The Nechako Bottle Depot on First Avenue is also another former camp building. Others include the first Overwaitea store, at Victoria and Third, formerly a barracks and the original civic centre, which was the old drill shed, was removed and rebuilt on Seventh Avenue.[11][12] After the war, as the ravaged European cities rebuilt, the demand for lumber skyrocketed and Prince George, with its abundance of sawmills and spruce trees, prospered.[13] Finally, in 1952, after 40 years of construction, the Pacific Great Eastern was completed and joined with the CN line at Prince George, and with the completion of Highways 16 and 97, Prince George finally fulfilled George Hammond’s long ago promise of being the hub of British Columbia. Modern historyCanadian Forces Station CFS Baldy Hughes (ADC ID: C-20) was constructed in 1952 as a General Surveillance Radar station. It was located 22.3 miles (35.9 km) south-southwest of Prince George, and was closed in 1988. It was operated as part of the Pinetree Line network controlled by NORAD. Today the former station is The Baldy Hughes Addiction Treatment Centre. On June 25, 1956, at just after 7 o'clock, a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter plane built in 1943 (Serial Number 8300, bearing Canadian Registration CF-HSC) flown by Frank Samuel Pynn, out of the Prince George Airport, was observed flying in an unsafe manner, it went into a half roll, seemed to fall over on its back and nosed into a deep ravine in the cut-banks on the north side of town approximately one kilometre from the city centre. Pilot Frank Pynn, a former Royal Air Force Transport Command pilot, and his passenger, 15-year-old Jimmy Clarke, died on impact. Alcohol consumption was believed to be a factor in the crash and the Coroner's inquest found that Pynn died "through his own neglect and complete disregard for the Aeronautical Regulations of Canada." The wreckage is still there; however, most pieces are less than two meters in length.[14][15] In 1964 the first pulp mill, Prince George Pulp and Paper was built, followed by two more in 1966, Northwood Pulp and Intercontinental Pulp.[16] New schools and more housing were needed and the new subdivisions of Spruceland, Lakewood, Perry and Highglen were built. Then, in 1975, Prince George amalgamated and extended its borders to include the Hart area to the north, Pineview to the south and the old town of South Fort George to the east. In 1981, Prince George was the second largest city in British Columbia with a population of 67,559, narrowly edging Victoria out of the honour, whose population was then 64,379.[17] Low-lying areas adjacent to the confluence of the rivers, which can freeze, mean that those areas suffer recurring flooding.[18] In late 2007 an ice jam formed on the Nechako River and soon grew to a length of more than {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}, causing widespread flooding in the city. Faster runoff due to devastation of nearby lodgepole pine forests by the mountain pine beetle was identified as a contributing factor. A state of emergency was declared on December 11. On January 14, 2008, with the ice jam still present, the Provincial Emergency Program approved an unprecedented plan to melt the ice by piping water from a pulp mill steam plant {{convert|2.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the jam area where it would be mixed with well water and poured into the river at a temperature of {{convert|15|C|F|abbr=on}}. In the interim an amphibious excavator was used for 10 days to move some of the ice. Costing C$400,000 to build and C$3,000 per day to run, the "Warm Water System" was completed on January 29, by which time the ice jam had grown to {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] As a result of long-term lobbying from local groups (championed by local advocate Sheldon Clare, and members of 396 Air Cadet Squadron, 2618 Army Cadet Corps, 158 Sea Cadet Corps, 142 Navy League Corps, Branch 43 Royal Canadian Legion, and the Peacekeepers Association) in February 2011, Canadian Forces 39 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters announced that a detachment of the Rocky Mountain Rangers Army Reserve unit was to be formed in Prince George. In 2014, the Rocky Mountain Rangers increased recruiting efforts in the community to reach platoon and then company size.[26] Prince George hosted the 2015 Canada Winter Games.[27] GeographyPrince George is located in the Fraser-Fort George Regional District near the transition between the northern and southern portions of the Rocky Mountain Trench. Prince George proper contains several areas: South Fort George, the Hart, the residential and light industrial neighbourhoods north of the Nechako River; College Heights, the southern part of the city which contains a mix of residential and commercial areas, and the Bowl, the valley that includes most of the city and the downtown. There are also a number of outlying localities that are also part of Prince George, such as Carlson. The cutbanks of the Nechako River are one of Prince George's many interesting geological features. Local wild edible fruit include bunchberries, rose hips, blueberries, huckleberries, cranberries, chokecherries, strawberries, raspberries, saskatoons, currants, gooseberries, and soapberries (from which "Indian ice cream" is made). Morel mushrooms are also native to this area. ClimateThe area had a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) as recently as the 1961-1990 normals period, with only three months averaging above {{convert|10|C|1}}. Due to recent warming the area has switched to a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), as both May and September mean temperatures have crept above the {{convert|10|C|1}} threshold for the 1981-2010 normals period at Prince George Airport. Winters are milder than the latitude and elevation might suggest: the January average is {{convert|-9.6|C|1}}, and there are an average of 38 days from December to February where the high reaches or surpasses freezing. Winter months in which Pacific air masses dominate may thaw on a majority of days, as in January 2006 when the mean daily maximum temperature was {{convert|1.5|C|0}}. On the other hand, Arctic air masses can settle over the city for weeks at a time; in rare cases, such as January 1950, the temperature stays well below freezing over a whole calendar month. Summer days are warm, with a July high of {{convert|23.1|C|0}}, but lows are often cool, with monthly lows averaging below {{convert|10|C}}. The transition between winter and summer, however, is short. There is some precipitation year-round, but February to April is the driest period. Snow averages {{convert|216|cm|in|1}} each year and is heaviest in December and January, usually, but not always, falling between October and May. The highest temperature ever recorded in Prince George was {{convert|38.9|C|0}} on 17 July 1941.[28] The lowest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-50.0|C|0}} on 2 January 1950 at Prince George Airport.[32] {{Weather box| location = Prince George (Sewage Treatment Plant), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1912–present{{efn|Extreme high and low temperatures are from the Prince George climate station (August 1912 to June 1945), and Prince George STP (November 1975 to present).}} | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 14.5 | Feb record high C = 14.4 | Mar record high C = 21.5 | Apr record high C = 31.7 | May record high C = 37.5 | Jun record high C = 33.9 | Jul record high C = 38.9 | Aug record high C = 35.6 | Sep record high C = 33.3 | Oct record high C = 28.9 | Nov record high C = 20.0 | Dec record high C = 12.8 | year record high C = 38.9 | Jan high C = -2.9 | Feb high C = 0.8 | Mar high C = 6.3 | Apr high C = 12.3 | May high C = 17.6 | Jun high C = 20.9 | Jul high C = 23.1 | Aug high C = 22.7 | Sep high C = 17.3 | Oct high C = 10.0 | Nov high C = 1.8 | Dec high C = -2.3 | year high C = 10.6 | Jan mean C = -6.7 | Feb mean C = -3.7 | Mar mean C = 0.8 | Apr mean C = 5.9 | May mean C = 10.9 | Jun mean C = 14.6 | Jul mean C = 16.6 | Aug mean C = 16.0 | Sep mean C = 11.2 | Oct mean C = 5.4 | Nov mean C = -1.5 | Dec mean C = -5.8 | year mean C = 5.3 | Jan low C = -10.5 | Feb low C = -8.1 | Mar low C = -4.8 | Apr low C = -0.5 | May low C = 4.2 | Jun low C = 8.2 | Jul low C = 10.0 | Aug low C = 9.1 | Sep low C = 5.0 | Oct low C = 0.7 | Nov low C = -4.8 | Dec low C = -9.3 | year low C = -0.1 | Jan record low C = -49.4 | Feb record low C = -46.7 | Mar record low C = -37.2 | Apr record low C = -25.0 | May record low C = -11.1 | Jun record low C = -4.4 | Jul record low C = -1.7 | Aug record low C = -1.7 | Sep record low C = -14.4 | Oct record low C = -25.5 | Nov record low C = -36.0 | Dec record low C = -48.9 | year record low C = -49.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 54.4 | Feb precipitation mm = 29.0 | Mar precipitation mm = 27.4 | Apr precipitation mm = 32.8 | May precipitation mm = 42.4 | Jun precipitation mm = 61.3 | Jul precipitation mm = 58.9 | Aug precipitation mm = 45.9 | Sep precipitation mm = 53.7 | Oct precipitation mm = 60.5 | Nov precipitation mm = 47.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 44.1 | year precipitation mm = 558.1 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 11.6 | Feb rain mm = 8.6 | Mar rain mm = 15.6 | Apr rain mm = 30.3 | May rain mm = 42.2 | Jun rain mm = 61.3 | Jul rain mm = 58.9 | Aug rain mm = 45.9 | Sep rain mm = 53.6 | Oct rain mm = 56.0 | Nov rain mm = 24.8 | Dec rain mm = 7.3 | year rain mm = 416.1 | Jan snow cm = 42.7 | Feb snow cm = 20.5 | Mar snow cm = 11.8 | Apr snow cm = 2.5 | May snow cm = 0.3 | Jun snow cm = 0.0 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.1 | Oct snow cm = 4.5 | Nov snow cm = 22.8 | Dec snow cm = 36.9 | year snow cm = 142.0 | unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm | Jan precipitation days = 14.5 | Feb precipitation days = 10.4 | Mar precipitation days = 10.7 | Apr precipitation days = 10.9 | May precipitation days = 12.9 | Jun precipitation days = 15.3 | Jul precipitation days = 13.9 | Aug precipitation days = 12.1 | Sep precipitation days = 13.2 | Oct precipitation days = 15.5 | Nov precipitation days = 14.2 | Dec precipitation days = 12.5 | year precipitation days = 156.0 | unit rain days = 0.2 mm | Jan rain days = 3.9 | Feb rain days = 4.2 | Mar rain days = 7.2 | Apr rain days = 10.2 | May rain days = 12.8 | Jun rain days = 15.3 | Jul rain days = 13.9 | Aug rain days = 12.1 | Sep rain days = 13.2 | Oct rain days = 14.7 | Nov rain days = 7.7 | Dec rain days = 3.4 | year rain days = 118.4 | unit snow days = 0.2 cm | Jan snow days = 11.8 | Feb snow days = 6.9 | Mar snow days = 5.0 | Apr snow days = 1.5 | May snow days = 0.31 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.08 | Oct snow days = 1.7 | Nov snow days = 8.2 | Dec snow days = 10.1 | year snow days = 45.4 | source 1 = Environment Canada[29][30][31] |date = 22 September 2015 }}{{Weather box | location = Prince George Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1942–present | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan maximum humidex = 12.8 | Feb maximum humidex = 12.2 | Mar maximum humidex = 18.5 | Apr maximum humidex = 29.2 | May maximum humidex = 35.3 | Jun maximum humidex = 36.4 | Jul maximum humidex = 37.3 | Aug maximum humidex = 36.1 | Sep maximum humidex = 32.7 | Oct maximum humidex = 25.1 | Nov maximum humidex = 16.6 | Dec maximum humidex = 10.9 | year maximum humidex = 37.3 | Jan record high C = 12.8 | Feb record high C = 12.8 | Mar record high C = 19.9 | Apr record high C = 29.7 | May record high C = 36.0 | Jun record high C = 33.9 | Jul record high C = 35.6 | Aug record high C = 33.4 | Sep record high C = 31.4 | Oct record high C = 25.2 | Nov record high C = 18.8 | Dec record high C = 11.7 | year record high C = 36.0 | Jan high C = -4.0 | Feb high C = -0.4 | Mar high C = 5.2 | Apr high C = 11.2 | May high C = 16.7 | Jun high C = 20.2 | Jul high C = 22.4 | Aug high C = 22.0 | Sep high C = 16.7 | Oct high C = 9.4 | Nov high C = 1.0 | Dec high C = -3.5 | year high C = 9.7 | Jan mean C = -7.9 | Feb mean C = -5.0 | Mar mean C = -0.2 | Apr mean C = 5.0 | May mean C = 10.1 | Jun mean C = 13.8 | Jul mean C = 15.8 | Aug mean C = 15.0 | Sep mean C = 10.4 | Oct mean C = 4.5 | Nov mean C = -2.5 | Dec mean C = -7.2 | year mean C = 4.3 | Jan low C = -11.7 | Feb low C = -9.6 | Mar low C = -5.6 | Apr low C = -1.1 | May low C = 3.4 | Jun low C = 7.3 | Jul low C = 9.1 | Aug low C = 8.0 | Sep low C = 4.0 | Oct low C = -0.5 | Nov low C = -5.9 | Dec low C = -10.9 | year low C = -1.1 | Jan record low C = -50.0 | Feb record low C = -45.0 | Mar record low C = -37.8 | Apr record low C = -25.6 | May record low C = -8.3 | Jun record low C = -2.8 | Jul record low C = -1.7 | Aug record low C = -3.9 | Sep record low C = -12.2 | Oct record low C = -26.5 | Nov record low C = -41.7 | Dec record low C = -45.6 | year record low C = -50.0 | Jan chill = -51.5 | Feb chill = -50.7 | Mar chill = -46.0 | Apr chill = -32.9 | May chill = -12.5 | Jun chill = -4.6 | Jul chill = 0.0 | Aug chill = -3.5 | Sep chill = -11.5 | Oct chill = -31.8 | Nov chill = -48.2 | Dec chill = -49.4 | year chill = -51.5 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 52.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 29.5 | Mar precipitation mm = 29.7 | Apr precipitation mm = 36.0 | May precipitation mm = 49.0 | Jun precipitation mm = 65.3 | Jul precipitation mm = 62.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 51.5 | Sep precipitation mm = 56.3 | Oct precipitation mm = 63.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 55.3 | Dec precipitation mm = 43.9 | year precipitation mm = 594.9 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 8.1 | Feb rain mm = 6.7 | Mar rain mm = 12.0 | Apr rain mm = 28.9 | May rain mm = 47.2 | Jun rain mm = 65.3 | Jul rain mm = 62.1 | Aug rain mm = 51.5 | Sep rain mm = 55.9 | Oct rain mm = 56.5 | Nov rain mm = 23.9 | Dec rain mm = 5.6 | year rain mm = 423.6 |snow colour = green | Jan snow cm = 54.6 | Feb snow cm = 28.1 | Mar snow cm = 20.8 | Apr snow cm = 7.4 | May snow cm = 1.9 | Jun snow cm = 0.0 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.3 | Oct snow cm = 7.9 | Nov snow cm = 36.2 | Dec snow cm = 47.7 | year snow cm = 205.1 | Jan humidity = 77.4 | Feb humidity = 66.2 | Mar humidity = 52.1 | Apr humidity = 42.4 | May humidity = 41.2 | Jun humidity = 45.7 | Jul humidity = 46.8 | Aug humidity = 46.5 | Sep humidity = 51.5 | Oct humidity = 61.5 | Nov humidity = 76.8 | Dec humidity = 78.9 | year humidity = 57.3 | unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm | Jan precipitation days = 15.2 | Feb precipitation days = 11.7 | Mar precipitation days = 11.3 | Apr precipitation days = 10.3 | May precipitation days = 13.5 | Jun precipitation days = 15.2 | Jul precipitation days = 14.3 | Aug precipitation days = 13.1 | Sep precipitation days = 12.6 | Oct precipitation days = 15.8 | Nov precipitation days = 15.6 | Dec precipitation days = 14.3 | year precipitation days = 162.9 | unit rain days = 0.2 mm | Jan rain days = 3.2 | Feb rain days = 3.6 | Mar rain days = 5.7 | Apr rain days = 8.6 | May rain days = 13.1 | Jun rain days = 15.2 | Jul rain days = 14.3 | Aug rain days = 13.1 | Sep rain days = 12.6 | Oct rain days = 14.6 | Nov rain days = 7.0 | Dec rain days = 2.6 | year rain days = 113.5 | unit snow days = 0.2 cm | Jan snow days = 14.0 | Feb snow days = 9.9 | Mar snow days = 7.9 | Apr snow days = 3.3 | May snow days = 1.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.2 | Oct snow days = 2.6 | Nov snow days = 11.3 | Dec snow days = 13.3 | year snow days = 63.3 | Jan sun = 49.0 | Feb sun = 84.0 | Mar sun = 153.5 | Apr sun = 204.6 | May sun = 247.5 | Jun sun = 251.0 | Jul sun = 286.2 | Aug sun = 261.8 | Sep sun = 177.7 | Oct sun = 108.0 | Nov sun = 51.2 | Dec sun = 43.6 | year sun = 1918.1 | Jan percentsun = 19.7 | Feb percentsun = 30.5 | Mar percentsun = 41.8 | Apr percentsun = 48.7 | May percentsun = 50.1 | Jun percentsun = 49.2 | Jul percentsun = 55.8 | Aug percentsun = 56.9 | Sep percentsun = 46.5 | Oct percentsun = 32.9 | Nov percentsun = 19.8 | Dec percentsun = 18.7 | year percentsun = 39.2 | source 1 = Environment Canada[32][33]|date=9 March 2013 }} Sewer and water utilitiesPrince George's drinking water is taken from the Nechako and Fraser Rivers via ten wells. The raw water is disinfected with sodium hypochlorite.[34] The local government treats sewage in a treatment facility in the Lansdowne area, on the west side of the Fraser River, or one of three other smaller treatment facilities on the east side. In the 2014 municipal election, the people of Prince George voted in favour of removing fluoride from their drinking water in a non-binding referendum. Prince George's new Mayor and City Council, at their first meeting, decided to follow the wishes of its voters. Fluoridation of the city's water supply ended in December 2014.[35] Air pollutionThe Prince George Airshed has many local sources of various air pollutants including several major industrial sources (pulp mills, sawmills and an oil refinery), vehicle emissions, locomotives, uncovered coal cars, unpaved and paved road surfaces, vegetative burning and residential and commercial heating.[36] Because a large part of the city and its local sources of air pollution are contained within a valley, there are often meteorological conditions that trap pollutants and result in episodes of poor air quality and unhealthy levels of air pollution exposure in some areas. More people die in Prince George every year due to diseases associated with air pollutants than any other community in the province, according to data gathered by two BC physicians.[37] Although, "Copes said it was difficult to definitively say certain deaths are caused by pollution because it's not a factor that is easily recognizable." [38] Demographics
|title = Historical populations |type = Canada |align = centre |width = |state = |shading = |percentages = |footnote = |1996|75150 |2001|72406 |2006|70981 |2011|71974 |2016|74,003}} According to the 2001 Canadian census,[42] there were 72,406 people living in 27,605 households within the city. Of these households, 23% were one-person households, below the 27% average provincewide, and 31% married couples with children, above the 26% average. Prince George had a smaller proportion of married couples than the province, 47% compared to 51%, but very similar persons per households. With 90% of Prince George residents being Canadian-born, and 87% with an English-only mother tongue, the city has few visible minorities. However, 10% identified themselves as Aboriginal, much higher than the 4% provincewide. Only 14% of residents between 20 and 64 years of age completed university, almost half the provincial average, and 22% did not complete high school, similar to the 19% provincial average.
CrimeFor three consecutive years, from 2010 to 2012, Maclean's named Prince George the most dangerous city in Canada, with its crime rate being 114% above the national average. In 2011, the magazine cited gangs, drug-related crimes, and nine homicides as the reason for its high crime rate, although the magazine did state that the city's crime rate is declining each year.[45][46] In 2016, Prince George was named #4 on the list of the most dangerous cities for violent crime in Canada.[47][47] EconomyThe economy of Prince George in the first decade of the 21st century has come to be dominated by service industries. The Northern Health Authority, centred in Prince George, has a $450 million annual budget and invested more than $100 million in infrastructure. Part of these investments was the 2012 opening of the BC Cancer Agency's Centre for the North, which includes for radiation therapy facilities and associated buildings for modern cancer care. Education is another key dominant part of this city. With the University of Northern British Columbia, the College of New Caledonia and School District #57, education adds more than $780 million into the local economy annually. Forestry dominated the local economy throughout the 20th century, including plywood manufacture, numerous sawmills and three pulp mills as major employers and customers. The Mountain pine beetle epidemic of the late 1980s and 1990s resulted in a short term boom in the forest industry as companies rushed to cut dead standing trees before the trees lost value.[48] Sawmill closures and the creation of 'supermills' is already being seen in the area and more closures are expected.[49]Mining exploration and development may become the future of Prince George. Initiatives Prince George estimates that the Nechako Basin contains over {{convert|5000000|oilbbl}} of oil.[50] Other industry includes two chemical plants, an oil refinery, brewery, dairy, machine shops, aluminum boat building, log home construction, value added forestry product and specialty equipment manufacturing. Prince George is also a staging centre for mining and prospecting, and a major regional transportation, trade and government hub. Several major retailers are expanding into the Prince George market, a trend expected to persist. In recent years, several market research call centres have opened in Prince George. Heritage, College Heights, Hart Highlands and St. Lawrence Heights are prime residential areas, both commercial and residential development are growing at an accelerated rate and more subdivisions are planned for St. Lawrence Heights, West Cranbrook Hill and East Austin Road. EducationPrince George's education system encompasses 40 anglophone elementary schools, eight secondary schools,[51] and eight private schools. The anglophone public schools are all part of School District 57 Prince George.[52] It is also home to a public francophone elementary and secondary school, both of which are part of School District 93 Conseil scolaire francophone,[53] a province-wide francophone school district. Post-secondary education choices include the regional College of New Caledonia (CNC),[54] which offers two-year university-transfer courses, plus vocational and professional programs. Several BC universities, British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) and the Open Learning Agency have integrated their local programs with CNC. Prince George is also home to Guardian Aerospace Flight School.[55] The University of Northern British Columbia[56] (UNBC), established in 1990, is the second-newest university in Canada. A total of 55 undergraduate programs, 15 masters programs and two PhD programs are now offered at UNBC, as well as the new [https://www.unbc.ca/northern-medical-program Northern Medical Program], a joint program with the University of British Columbia intended to alleviate the shortage of physicians in the north. A degree-granting institution with regional teaching centres in nine BC communities and a sponsor for several research institutes, UNBC has recently completed the construction of the I.K. Barber Enhanced Forestry Lab. UNBC's hilltop campus overlooks the City of Prince George and has views of the Rocky Mountains to the east. In 2015[57] and 2016[58] UNBC earned the top small university in Canada ranking by Maclean's Magazine. UNBC has consistently been positioned in the top three for the last eight years. The University was first entered into the McLean's rankings in 2005 as the best small university in Western Canada.[59] The College of New Caledonia[54] (CNC) is a post-secondary educational institution that serves the residents of central British Columbia. It was established in Prince George in 1969, and has since expanded across northern British Columbia, with campuses in Quesnel, Mackenzie, Burns Lake, Valemount, Fort St. James, Fraser Lake and Vanderhoof. CNC enrolls about 5,000 students each year in approximately 90 distinct programs in business and management, community and continuing education, health sciences, adult basic education / upgrading, trades and industry, social services, and technologies. About 75 of these programs are available at CNC Prince George. As well, CNC offers university classes leading to degrees and professional programs in more than 50 subjects, with excellent transferability to universities in BC, Alberta, and elsewhere. All university classes are available at CNC Prince George, and many are available at other campuses. Sports and recreation
Prince George's teams include the Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League (WHL), the Prince George Spruce Kings of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL), Youth Bowling Club (YBC) bowling teams (Nechako Bowling, 5th Avenue, and also a ten pin team), and Prince George Curling (Prince George Golf and Curling Club). Recently, the Duchess Park Secondary School Senior boys basketball team won the provincial AA title for the first time in 26 years. The February 1978 Northern B.C. Winter Games hosted by Prince George and organized by John Furlong (sports administrator) were highly attended by 5,600 participants from age 8 to 90 in 38 events.[60] [61]The Spruce Kings hosted the RBC Royal Bank Cup May 5–13, 2007. Prince George has been home to several National Hockey League players, including Murray Baron, Blair Betts, Tyler Bouck, Chris Mason, Ronald Petrovický, Justin Pogge, Dan Hamhuis, Sheldon Souray, Derek Boogard, Dustin Byfuglien, Devin Setoguchi, Turner Stevenson and Darcy Rota. Eric Brewer and Zdeno Chára were also teammates on the Cougars in 1995 and 1996. Prince George Citizen Field opened in the spring of 2006. The baseball facility has established itself as one of the most unusual diamonds in British Columbia.{{clarify|date=November 2015}}{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} Recreation facilities include 116 playgrounds and parks, baseball, soccer and lacrosse fields, eight golf courses, plus tennis courts, ice rinks and roller rinks, a new modern Aquatic Centre as well as an older swimming pool and the CN Centre, which is a 5,995-seat multi-purpose arena. For hikers there is an 11 kilometer riverfront system of urban hiking trails called the Heritage Trails.[62] Four provincial parks in the region provide downhill, cross-country and heli-skiing. Parks include:
North of Prince George is the Huble Homestead and Giscome Portage. The Otway Nordic Centre, operated by the Caledonia Nordic Ski Club, is home to one of the largest Nordic ski clubs in the province, and boasts more than {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} of groomed trails - of which {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} are lit trails for evening skiing, a biathlon range, and a {{convert|1400|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} day lodge. The Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club offers weekly hikes in the city and surrounding countryside from May to October, as well as snowshoeing in the winter months; while the Prince George Section of the Alpine Club of Canada offers year-round hiking, scrambling, climbing, skiing and ice-climbing trips in the nearby Cariboo and Rocky Mountains and local crags. The Prince George Backcountry Recreation Society is an umbrella organization representing these and several other Prince George outdoor clubs. For race fans, the Prince George Auto Racing Association (PGARA) offers a variety of racing events at the PGARA Speedway including the locally famous hit-to-pass races. Prince George offers a Pride Centre for all LGBTQ and ally members in Prince George and the greater north. Located at the University of Northern British Columbia, the PC, an organization under the Northern Pride Centre Society, offers a safe space, resources, and support. Prince George offers several nightclubs, sports bars, pubs and fine dining facilities. The Treasure Cove Hotel and Casino is located at the junction of Highways 16 and 97. Moviegoers can choose between the Famous Players six-plex or the Park Drive-in Theatre, which also offers mini-golf facilities and a go-kart track. As well, 'Cinema CNC' hosts two arts cinema series each year in the fall and winter, as well as a moving pictures film festival of Canadian films each February. As part of its 100th anniversary, the City of Prince George hosted the 2015 Canada Games.[27] Arts and cultureThe off-road motorcycle community is a very large and old segment to the sports in Prince George, with multiple motocross tracks like the Blackwater motocross park and the BCR site and many networks of motorcycle trails, it is one of the largest recreational features for the city of Prince George. Art galleries and studios
Live theatre and symphony
A 2005 cultural project that involved Prince George had 'Spirit Bears' placed throughout various locations around the city. The 'Spirit Bear' is a fiberglass statue of a bear that has various sceneries painted on it. Museums and libraries
Monuments and art installationsMr. PGThe official mascot of Prince George is Mr. P. G., an anthropomorphic assortment of logs who greets newcomers to the city at the intersection of Highways 97 and 16. Mr. P.G. was one of five roadside attractions featured on the first series of the Canadian Roadside Attractions Series issued by Canada Post stamps on July 6, 2009.[67] In 1960, the first Mr. PG was constructed as a symbol of the importance of the forest industry to Prince George. It was originally 40’ tall and made of spruce wood. The mascot was built to ride on a float in the Pacific National Exhibition parade in Vancouver, and was the prizewinner for best float. On the parade float, Mr. PG was hinged so it could bend down when the float encountered high wires. It could also speak. In between appearances, Mr. PG was kept on display at The Chamber of Commerce building and was later moved to the Tourist Information Centre. In 1983, Mr. PG began to deteriorate and rot, and in the summer of 1983, a reconstructed Mr. PG was erected. The new Mr. PG had a yellow hardhat and a time capsule filled with memorabilia representing the Prince George of 1983 in its chest. Mr. PG is {{convert|8.138|m|ftin|abbr=on}} high, his head is {{convert|1.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in diameter. The statue is constructed of fibreglass and sheet metal painted to look like wood. Notable people
TransportationLocated at the intersection of Highways 97 and 16, Prince George is the hub for northern British Columbia. Considerable truck traffic passes through Prince George, which also has extensive facilities for maintenance of trucks and heavy equipment. The streets in the "Bowl" area of Prince George are laid out in a grid, with streets travelling north-south, and avenues travelling east-west. The streets are named after prominent citizens, and they are placed in alphabetical order, starting with "A" (Alward Street) near downtown, and continuing westward to "R" (Ruggles Street) in the western part of the city. Some avenues in the city are numbered. 1st Avenue is located the northern part of the Bowl, and the numbering increases southward until 22nd Avenue (the highest-numbered avenue in the city). The grid in the downtown area is rotated so that avenues run from northwest to southeast, and streets run northeast to southwest. All avenues in downtown are numbered, while most of the streets are named after various cities and provinces of Canada. Many streets in College Heights are named after various colleges and universities. However, College Heights streets are not laid out in a grid like the Bowl. Instead, many roads in College Heights are curved and/or winding, and most are called avenues or crescents. There is an inland port to Prince Rupert in Prince George which is served by CN Rail.[70] Prince George Airport,[71] located {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city centre, is an airport with customs facilities. In 2016, 462,007[72] passengers used YXS. The primary air connection to the rest of the world is provided by multiple daily flights to Vancouver on Air Canada and Westjet. Westjet's service also includes a weekly direct flight to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico during the winter months. Pacific Coastal Airlines offers a daily flight to and from Victoria. Central Mountain Air and Northern Thunderbird fly to regional and smaller centres. Horizon Air provided daily service to Seattle for a few months in 2008, but the service no longer exists as of 2009. Charter services provide flights to outlying areas primarily by float plane though helicopter service is also available. An expansion study to allow the airport to handle Boeing 747 cargo flights is currently underway .[50] The airport has since been expanded and is listed as having the third longest runway in Canada but since it was constructed five years ago has not seen expanded use by any new airlines or 747s other than the test use by one cargo flight. CNR freight lines operate out of Prince George as well as Via Rail passenger service; the Jasper – Prince Rupert train overnights at the Prince George railway station. Local public transportation consists of the PG Transit bus service. DirectionsWest of Prince George is Vanderhoof (96 km/60 miles), Fraser Lake (155 km/96 miles), Burns Lake (224 km/139 miles), Houston (300 km/186 miles), Smithers (375 km/235 miles), Terrace (571 km/355 miles), and Prince Rupert, British Columbia (715 km/444 miles). East of Prince George is Giscome (44 km/27 miles), McBride (211 km/131 miles), Jasper (377 km/234 miles), and Edmonton (739 km/459 miles). North of Prince George is Mackenzie (185 km/115 miles) and Fort St. John, British Columbia (437 km/272 miles). South of Prince George is Quesnel (119 km/74 miles), and Williams Lake (238 km/148 miles). Annual events
Media{{Main|Media in Prince George, British Columbia}}Government and politicsLyn Hall is the Mayor of Prince George and serves with 8 Councillors. Prince George holds four of the fourteen seats at the Regional District of Fraser – Fort George. Tony Cable is the Chair of the Board of School District 57, which includes not only the city of Prince George but a large, sparsely populated area to the East and North, and serves with 6 other elected school trustees. Provincially, Prince George is divided into two electoral districts: Prince George-Valemount represented by Shirley Bond, and Prince George-Mackenzie represented by Mike Morris. Both are BC Liberals. Federally, Prince George is divided between Cariboo—Prince George represented by Todd Doherty and Prince George—Peace River with Bob Zimmer. Both are federal Conservatives. See also{{Portal|Trains|British Columbia}}
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^http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/canadas-most-dangerous-cities/ 47. ^1 http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/canada-most-dangerous-cities-2016-safe-your-city/ 48. ^Province, Canfor Join Fight Against City'S Pine Beetle {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305165104/http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/nrm_news_releases/2005FOR0042-000492.htm |date=March 5, 2012 }} 49. ^Prince George Citizen – MLA Bell mum about Canfor meeting {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008071130/http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=83535&Itemid=26 |date=October 8, 2007 }} 50. ^1 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703175600/http://www.initiativespg.com/ipg/media/downloads/Economic_Activity_April_2007.pdf|date=July 3, 2007}} 51. ^{{cite web|title=Organization Chart 2011–2012|url=http://www.sd57.bc.ca/fileadmin/cao.sd57.bc.ca/District_Info/Contacts/Org_Chart_2011-12.pdf|publisher=School District #57 Prince George|accessdate=January 23, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313031119/http://www.sd57.bc.ca/fileadmin/cao.sd57.bc.ca/District_Info/Contacts/Org_Chart_2011-12.pdf|archivedate=March 13, 2014|df=mdy-all}} 52. ^School District No. 57 (Prince George) 53. ^School District No. 93 (Conseil Scolaire Francophone) 54. ^1 College of New Caledonia homepage 55. ^{{cite web|title=Flight School|url=http://www.guardianaerospace.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=65|publisher=Guardian Aerospace|accessdate=January 4, 2012}} 56. ^University of Northern British Columbia homepage 57. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/best-of-the-best-introducing-the-2016-macleans-university-rankings/|title=Introducing the 2016 Maclean's University Rankings|date=2015-10-29|work=Macleans.ca|access-date=2017-04-03|language=en-US}} 58. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/unirankings/university-rankings-2017-primarily-undergraduate/|title=University rankings Canada 2017: 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|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316022924/http://www.city.pg.bc.ca/rec_culture/parks/rivertrails/ |date=March 16, 2011 }} 63. ^Theatre North West 64. ^Street Spirits Theatre Company http://www.streetspirits.com/?page_id=2 65. ^Arts Health Network Canada "Arts Health Network Canada: Canadian Initiatives: British Columbia 2011 {{cite web |url=http://www.artshealthnetworkcanada.com/canadian-initiatives/british-columbia |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412034830/http://www.artshealthnetworkcanada.com/canadian-initiatives/british-columbia |archivedate=April 12, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 66. ^Steamlocomotive.info - Grand Trunk Pacific Railway No. 1 67. ^Canada Post Stamp Details, July to September 2009, Volume XVIII, No. 3, p. 10 68. ^{{cite news|last1=Britten|first1=Liam|last2=Kurjata|first2=Andrew|title=Birdman, 5th richest man in hip hop, has secret Canadian connection|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/birdman-canadian-prince-george-1.3552592|newspaper=CBC News|date=April 27, 2016|accessdate=April 27, 2016}} 69. ^Frank Peebles, "Rising Star", Prince George Citizen, December 30, 2015 70. ^Rail.http://www.pgairport.ca/yxs/business/cargo/inland_port.php 71. ^The Prince George Airport Authority 72. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.pgairport.ca/2016-passenger-numbers-exceed-expectations/|title=2016 Passenger Numbers Exceed Expectations – YXS - Prince George Airport Authority|date=2017-01-18|work=YXS - Prince George Airport Authority|access-date=2017-04-03|language=en-US}} 73. ^The Prince George Folkfest – July 27 & 28, 2007 – Welcome 74. ^MySpace.com – the goat island extrapolation – Prince George, CA – Indie / Christian / Expérimentale – www.myspace.com/thegoatislandextrapolation 75. ^Shae Morin 76. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.snowdaze.ca/ |title=Prince George's Mardi Gras of Winter Society – Snow Daze Winter Festival, British Columbia, Canada |access-date=June 23, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905122708/http://www.snowdaze.ca/ |archive-date=September 5, 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 77. ^BC Rivers Day Music Festival – Prince George, British Columbia, Canada {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105014903/http://www.riversdaymusic.org/music.php |date=January 5, 2016 }} 78. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114184703/http://ckpg.com/Web/Page.aspx?Controller=64&ID=3857&Type=19|date=November 14, 2007}} 79. ^http://www.pgiceman.ca/ Notes{{notelist}}Bibliography
External links{{commons category-inline|Prince George, British Columbia}}
| Centre = Prince George | Northwest = Fort St. James | North = Mackenzie | Northeast = Chetwynd | East = McBride | Southeast = Barkerville | South = Quesnel | Southwest = Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park | West = Vanderhoof }}{{Subdivisions of British Columbia}}{{Columbia Department}} 3 : Prince George, British Columbia|Populated places established in 1807|Hudson's Bay Company trading posts |
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