| 词条 | Desert sucker |
| 释义 |
| image =Desert Sucker.JPG | image_caption = Desert sucker, Castostomus clarkii | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Catostomus clarkii | authority = S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854 | synonyms = *Pantosteus clarkii (Baird & Girard, 1854)
}} The desert sucker or Gila Mountain sucker (Catostomus clarkii), is a freshwater species of ray-finned fish in the sucker family, endemic to the Great Basin and the Colorado River Basin in the United States. It inhabits rapids and fast-flowing streams with gravelly bottoms. It is a bi-colored fish with the upper parts olive brown to dark green, and the underparts silvery-tan or yellowish. The head is cylindrical, tapering to a thick-lipped mouth on the underside. This fish can grow to {{Convert|31|in|cm|0|abbr=on}} in Arizona but is generally only about half this size elsewhere. There are three subspecies, found in different river basins, and some authorities allot this species its own genus Pantosteus. DescriptionDesert suckers are bi-colored; the back and upper sides are darker, olive-brown to dark green, and the belly and lower sides are deep-yellow to silvery tan. The scales on the upper half of the body have dark spots which form faint dashed lines. Their head is cylindrical, tapering to a blunt face with the lower lip about three times as thick as upper lip. The mouth is on the underside (ventral) of the face and is proportionately large. The dorsal fin of the desert sucker has 10 to 11 rays. The adult lengths range from {{Convert|4|to(-)|16|in}} in smaller streams but up to {{Convert|31|in}} in Arizona.[2] Their weight ranges from {{convert|4|to(-)|65|oz}}. DistributionThe desert sucker is found in Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.[3] The desert sucker occurs in the lower Colorado River basin, below the Grand Canyon, particularly in the Gila River, and above the Grand Canyon in streams in the Virgin River basin, the White River basin and others. The total range area of the desert sucker is estimated at {{Convert|128000|km2|sqmi|-3|abbr=on}}.[4] HabitatDesert suckers prefer ripply waters, rapids and flowing streams with gravelly bottoms. ReproductionDesert suckers reach maturity in their second year.[5] Spawning occurs in winter and spring from January through May.[6] SubspeciesThree subspecies have been identified: the White River desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii intermedius[7] (sometimes known as White River mountain sucker, Pantosteus intermedius),[8] Virgin River desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii utahensis,[7][9] and the Meadow Valley Wash desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii (unnamed).[7][10] Some ichthyologists regarded these as members of the genus Pantosteus,[8] but later authors regard Pantosteus as a subgenus of Catostomus.[11] There are suggestions of hybridization between Catostomus clarkii and Catostomus insignis.[8] Notes1. ^{{IUCN2014.1|assessors=Smith, K. & Darwall, W.R.T.|year=2013|id=62193|title=Catostomus clarkii |downloaded=20 August 2017}} 2. ^"Desert Sucker" Arizona Game & Fish 3. ^Sublette, James E.; Hatch, Michael D. and Sublette, Mary (1990) "Catostomus (Pantosteus) clarki Baird and Girard - desert sucker: Distribution" The Fishes of New Mexico University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, page 207, {{ISBN|0-8263-1179-2}} 4. ^Pyron, Mark (1999) "Relationships between geographical range size, body size, local abundance, and habitat breadth in North American suckers and sunfishes" Journal of Biogeography 26(3): pp. 549-558, p. 557 5. ^Sublette et al. (1990) p.206 6. ^Lee et al. (1980) 7. ^1 2 "DFC North American Fish Index" Desert Fishes Council 8. ^1 2 Clarkson and Minckley (1988) 9. ^"Desert sucker: Catostomus clarkii utahensis" Mojave Max {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009112554/http://www.mojavemax.com/eguide/FISH/evaluation/dsucker.htm |date=2007-10-09 }} 10. ^"Nevada Department of Wildlife LIP Focus Species" Nevada Department of Wildlife 11. ^Sublette et al. (1990) References
External links
9 : Catostomus|Endemic fauna of the United States|Fish of the Western United States|Freshwater fish of the United States|Fauna of the Southwestern United States|Fauna of the Great Basin|Fauna of the Mojave Desert|Fauna of the Lower Colorado River Valley|Fish described in 1854 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。