词条 | Prince Philippe, Count of Paris |
释义 |
| name = Philippe | title = Count of Paris | image = Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris (1838-1894).jpg | succession = Orléanist-Unionist pretender to the French throne | reign = 24 August 1883 {{ndash}} 8 September 1894 | reign-type = Pretence | predecessor = Henri, Count of Chambord | successor = Philippe, Duke of Orléans | succession1 = Orléanist pretender to the French throne | reign1 = 24 February 1848 {{ndash}} — 5 August 1873 | reign-type1 = Pretence | predecessor1 = Louis Philippe I | successor1 = Claim ended | spouse = Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans | issue = Amélie, Queen of Portugal Philippe, Duke of Orléans Princess Hélène, Duchess of Aosta Prince Charles Isabelle, Duchess of Guise Prince Jacques Louise, Princess Louise of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier | birth_date = {{Birth date|1838|8|24|df=y}} | birth_place = Tuileries Palace | death_date = {{Death date and age|1894|9|8|1838|8|24|df=y}} | death_place = Stowe House | burial_place = Chapel of St. Charles Borromeo, Weybridge (1894–1958) Royal Chapel of Dreux (since 1958) | house = Orléans | father = Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Orléans | mother = Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | religion = Roman Catholicism | signature = Signature of Prince Louis Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris.png | full name = Louis Philippe Albert d'Orléans }} Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894), was the grandson of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. He was the Count of Paris as Orléanist claimant to the French throne from 1848 until his death. Early lifePrince Philippe became the Prince Royal, heir apparent to the throne, when his father, Prince Ferdinand-Philippe, Duc d'Orléans, died in a carriage accident in 1842. Although there was some effort during the days after the abdication of his grandfather in 1848 to put him on the throne under the name of Louis-Philippe II, with his mother (Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) as Regent, this came to nothing. They fled and the French Second Republic was proclaimed in its stead. An historian, journalist and outspoken democrat, Philippe volunteered to serve as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War along with his younger brother, Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres. He was appointed as an assistant adjutant general with the rank of captain on 24 September 1861 and served under the name of Philippe d'Orléans, the Count of Paris. He served on the staff of the commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General George McClellan, for nearly a year. He distinguished himself during the unsuccessful Peninsular Campaign. He resigned from the Union Army, along with his brother, on 15 July 1862. Philippe's history of the Civil War is considered a standard reference work on the subject. {{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} During their stay in the United States, the princes were accompanied by their uncle, the Prince of Joinville, who painted many watercolours of their stay. On 10 November 1880 Philippe was elected as a companion of the first class (i.e. a veteran officer) of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States – an organization of Union officers who had served during the American Civil War. He was assigned insignia number 2107. His eldest son, Philippe d'Orleans, was elected as a 2nd class member (i.e. an eldest son of a veteran officer) in 1890 and succeeded to first class membership in the Order upon Philippe's death. Marriage and issueOn May 30, 1864 at St. Raphael's Church in Kingston upon Thames, England he married his paternal first cousin, Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans (1848–1919), Infanta of Spain. She was daughter of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain and Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier (1824–1890), the youngest son of Louis-Philippe of France and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. They had eight children:
Restoration of French monarchyThe Orleans family had been in exile in England since the Revolution of 1848 which toppled King Louis Philippe. During their early married life, the Count and Countess of Paris lived at York House, Twickenham, where the young Rosa Lewis was a member of their household.[1] However, in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War and the downfall of Napoleon III, they were allowed to return to France, and many of their properties were restored to them. In 1873, anticipating a restoration of the monarchy by the largely monarchist National Assembly that had been elected following the fall of Napoleon III, the Count of Paris withdrew his claims to the French throne in favour of the legitimist claimant, Henri V, best known as the Comte de Chambord. It was assumed by most that the Count of Paris was Chambord's heir, and would thus be able to succeed to the throne upon the childless Chambord's death, reuniting the two claims that had divided French monarchists since 1830. However, Chambord's refusal to recognize the tricolor as the French flag sabotaged hopes of a restoration, and Chambord died in 1883 without ever specifically recognizing his Orléanist rival as his heir. Upon the Count of Chambord's death, the Count of Paris was recognized by most monarchists as Philippe VII of France. This succession was disputed by the Carlist descendants of the Bourbon kings of Spain, who argued that being descended directly from Louis XIV their claim was greater than that of the Orléanists'; however, this argument pointedly ignored Philip V of Spain's renunciation of his and his descendants' claim to the French throne pursuant to the Treaty of Utrecht. In 1886 the family was exiled again returning to England, where they first lived at Sheen House, near Richmond. In 1890 they moved to the much grander Stowe House, where he died in 1894.[2] He was succeeded as claimant to the French throne by his son Prince Philippe. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Philippe, Count of Paris |2= 2. Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Orléans |3= 3. Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |4= 4. Louis Philippe I of France |5= 5. Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily |6= 6. Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |7= 7. Princess Caroline Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |8= 8. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans |9= 9. Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon |10= 10. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies |11= 11. Maria Carolina of Austria |12= 12. Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |13= 13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |14= 14. Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |15= 15. Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt |16= 16. Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |17= 17. Louise Henriette de Bourbon |18= 18. Prince Louis Jean, Duke of Penthièvre |19= 19. Princess Maria Teresa Felicitas of Modena |20= 20. Charles III of Spain |21= 21. Maria Amalia of Saxony |22= 22. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor |23= 23. Maria Theresa of Austria |24= 24. Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |25= 25. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |26= 26. Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |27= 27. Countess Louise Reuss-Schleiz |28= 28. Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |29= 29. Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |30= 30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |31= 31. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken }} Bibliography
See also{{portal|American Civil War}}
References1. ^Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 37, 78. {{wikisource author}}{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Orléans|24 August,|1838|8 September,|1894|House of Bourbon}}{{S-pre}}{{S-bef|before=Henry V}}{{S-tul|title=King of France|line=Orléanist-Unionist pretender to the French throne|years= 24 August 1883 {{ndash}} 8 September 1894}}{{S-aft|after=Philip VIII}}{{S-bef|before=Louis-Philippe I}}{{S-tul|title=King of the French|line=Orléanist pretender to the French throne|years= 24 February 1848 {{ndash}} 5 August 1873}}{{S-aft|after=Claim ended}}{{S-roy|fr}}{{S-bef|before=Prince Ferdinand Philippe}}{{S-ttl|title=Heir to the Throne2. ^Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 6686 as Heir apparent|years=13 July 1842 {{ndash}} 24 February 1848}}{{S-aft|after=Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres}}{{s-reg|fr}}{{S-bef|before=Prince Ferdinand Philippe}}{{s-ttl||title=Duke of Orléans {{small|(Never used)}}|years=13 July 1842 {{ndash}} 6 February 1869}}{{S-aft|after=Prince Philippe}}{{S-bef|before=Title created}}{{s-ttl||title=Count of Paris|years=24 August 1838 {{ndash}} 8 September 1894}}{{S-aft|after=Henri VI}}{{s-end}}{{French Pretenders}}{{Princes of Orléans}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Philippe Of Paris, Count}} 13 : 1838 births|1894 deaths|French Roman Catholics|People from Paris|House of Orléans|Dukes of Montpensier|Counts of Paris|Orléanist pretenders to the French throne|Union Army officers|Burials at the Chapelle royale de Dreux|Princes of France (Orléans)|Heirs apparent who never acceded|Fellows of the Royal Society |
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