| 词条 | Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark |
| 释义 |
| name = Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark | title = Grand Duchess Alexandra Gyorgyevna of Russia | image = File:Alejandra Yurievna, Grand Duchess of Russia.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1870|8|30|df=yes}} | birth_place = Corfu, Kingdom of Greece | death_date = {{Death date and age|1891|9|24|1870|8|30|df=yes}} | death_place = Ilyinskoye, Moscow Governorate, Russian Empire | burial_place = Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece | full name = | house = Glücksburg | spouse = {{marriage|Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia|17 June 1889}} | issue = Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich | father = George I of Greece | mother = Olga Constantinovna of Russia }} Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia ({{lang-ru|Алекса́ндра Гео́ргиевна}}; née Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark ({{lang-el|Πριγκίπισσα Αλεξάνδρα της Ελλάδας και της Δανίας}}); 30 August 1870 – 24 September 1891) was the third child and firstborn daughter of King George I and Queen Olga of Greece, who herself was a daughter of a Russian grand duke, and was also a grandchild of Denmark's King Christian IX and Queen Louise. She was a sister to Constantine I of Greece, and thus aunt of three kings and two queens, Constantine's three sons, who all became kings of Greece, and two of his daughters, who were queens, of Romania and (titularly) Croatia, respectively. She was also first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, King George V of the United Kingdom, and both King Haakon VII and Queen Maud of Norway, as well as a paternal aunt of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Early lifePrincess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark was born on {{OldStyleDate|30|1870|18 August}} at Mon Repos, the summer residence of the Greek royal family on the island of Corfu. She was the third child and eldest daughter of King George I of Greece and his wife, Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. Alexandra's father was not a native Greek, but he had been born a Danish prince named Christian Wilhelm of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a son of Christian IX, King of Denmark, and he had been elected to the Greek throne at the age of seventeen. Five of his sons (Constantine, George, Nicholas, Andrew and Christopher), and two daughters (Alexandra and Maria), attained adulthood. The Greek royal family was not wealthy by royal standards and they lived with simplicity. King George was a taciturn man, but contrary to the general approach of the time, he believed in happy rambunctious children. The long corridors of the royal place in Athens were used by Alexandra and her siblings for biking, rollerblading, skateboarding, and sometimes a "bike ride" led by the King himself. Raised by British nannies, English was the children's first language, but they spoke Greek between themselves. They also learned German and French. Alexandra, nickname "Aline" within her family, or Greek Alix, to distinguish her from her aunt and godmother, Alexandra, Princess of Wales, had a sunny disposition and was much loved by her family. "She had one of those sweet and lovable natures that endeared her to everybody who came in touch with her," recalled her brother, Nicholas. "She looked young and beautiful, and ever since she was a child, life looked as it had nothing but joy and happiness in store for her."[1] Alexandra's playmates were her brother Nicholas and her sister Maria, who followed her in age. Alexandra spent many holidays in Denmark visiting her paternal grandparents. In Denmark, Alexandra and her siblings met their Russian and British cousins in large family gatherings. Marriage and childrenWhen she was eighteen years old, she was married to Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia, her maternal first cousin once removed and the youngest child and sixth son of Emperor Alexander II and his first wife, Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. They had become close when Grand Duke Paul spent winters in Greece due to his frequent respiratory illnesses. The Greek royal family also frequently spent holidays with the Romanov family on visits to Russia or Denmark.[2] Their engagement was announced on 10 November 1888.[3] The wedding took place on {{OldStyleDate|17 June |1889|5 June}} in St. Petersburg, at the chapel of the Winter Palace.[4] They had two children:
DeathSeven months into her second pregnancy, Alexandra took a walk with her friends on the bank of the Moskva River and jumped directly into a boat that was permanently moored there, but fell as she got in. The next day, she collapsed in the middle of a ball from violent labour pains. She gave birth to her son, Dimitri, lapsed into a fatal coma, and she died six days later in the Romanovs' estate Ilyinskoe near Moscow. The Grand Duchess was buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, St. Petersburg. Her grieving husband had to be restrained from throwing himself into the grave with her.[5] Her husband later morganatically remarried Olga Karnovich, and her son would be involved in the murder of Grigori Rasputin, a favorite of Tsarina Alexandra Feodorvna, in 1916. In 1939 when Alexandra's nephew George II of Greece was reigning, the Greek government obtained permission from the Soviet government under Joseph Stalin to rebury Princess Alexandra in Greece. Her body was removed from the vault in Leningrad and transferred by a Greek ship to Athens. It was finally laid to rest near the Tatoi Palace. Alexandra's marble tombstone over an empty tomb is still in its place in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The "Alexandra Maternity Hospital" (now "Alexandra General Hospital") in Athens was later named in her memory by another nephew, King Paul; it was affiliated with the University of Athens with a special remit to research and combat postpartum maternal mortality. Alexandras Avenue in Athens was also named after her.[6] Titles, styles, honours, and armsTitles and styles
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark |2= 2. George I of Greece |3= 3. Olga Constantinovna of Russia |4= 4. Christian IX of Denmark |5= 5. Louise of Hesse-Kassel |6= 6. Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich of Russia |7= 7. Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg |8= 8. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg |9= 9. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel |10= 10. Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel |11= 11. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark |12= 12. Nicholas I of Russia |13= 13. Charlotte of Prussia |14= 14. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg |15= 15. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg |16= 16. Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck |17= 17. Countess Friederike von Schlieben |18= 18. Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel |19= 19. Princess Louise of Denmark |20= 20. Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel |21= 21. Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen |22= 22. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway |23= 23. Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |24= 24. Paul I of Russia |25= 25. Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg |26= 26. Frederick William III of Prussia |27= 27. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |28= 28. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg |29= 29. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |30= 30. Duke Louis of Württemberg |31= 31. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg }} Notes1. ^Mager (1998), p. 124 2. ^Zeepvat (2004), p. 49 3. ^Zeepvat, Dear, Unforgettable Alix, p. 8 4. ^Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818-1959, p. 126 5. ^Zeepvat (2004), p. 179 6. ^{{cite book|last=Πετρόπουλος|first=Ηλίας|title=Η ονοματοθεσία οδών και πλατειών|publisher=Πατάκης|year=1995|pages=65–68|isbn=960-360-483-6}} References
10 : 1870 births|1891 deaths|Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine|People from Corfu|Greek princesses|Russian grand duchesses by marriage|House of Glücksburg (Greece)|House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov|Deaths in childbirth|Burials at Tatoi Palace Royal Cemetery |
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