| 词条 | Detroit newspaper strike of 1995–97 |
| 释义 |
| title = Detroit newspaper strike of 1995–97 | partof = | image = | caption = | date = July 13, 1995 to February 14, 1997 | place = | coordinates = | causes = Labour movement | goals = | methods = | status = | result = Strike ended; union lost its unfair labor practices case on appeal | side1 = Six labor unions representing employees of the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News | side2 = Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News | side3 = | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = | leadfigures3 = | howmany1 = | howmany2 = | howmany3 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = }} The Detroit Newspaper Strike was a major labor dispute which began in Detroit, Michigan on July 13, 1995 and involved several actions including a local boycott, corporate campaign, and legal charges of unfair labor practices. The primary action involved around 2,500 members of six labor unions going on strike from July 13, 1995 to February 14, 1997.[1] The unions ended their strike on February 14, 1997, and it was resolved in court three years later, with the journalists' union losing its unfair labor practices case on appeal.[2] BackgroundTension between the unions and management of Detroit's primary two newspapers had been building for several years. Management attempted to force out the unions by attempting to switch from employee distribution to independent contractors.[3] The unions claimed management was engaging in unfair labor practices. Chris Rhomberg, a sociology professor at Fordham University, concludes in his book, The Broken Table, that management provoked the strike and had been preparing for several years.[2] Revolutionary Worker claimed that the owners had been planning as early as 1989 to significantly change the existing labor agreements with the unions. They cite the 1989 "Joint Operating Agreement" (JOA), which combined the non-editorial operations of the newspapers, as one example of those efforts. The agreement resulted in a 29% reduction in the workforce.[4] The strikeOn July 13, 1995, about 2,500 members of six different unions went on strike[1][3] after management indicated it would not discuss recent labor practice changes by Detroit News publisher, Robert Giles.[4] The unions included The Newspaper Guild and the Teamsters, along with the pressmen, printers and Teamsters working for the "Detroit Newspapers" distribution arm. The papers lost approximately {{USD|100000000|1997}} in the first six months of the strike.[2] The newspapers continued to publish during the strike,[1] and aired commercials depicting "People Behind the Paper".[3] The strikers published a competing weekly newspaper, the Detroit Sunday Journal.[4] By October, about 40% of the editorial staffers had crossed the picket line, and many trickled back over the next months, including Mitch Albom - who wrote a column urging an end to the strike,[3] while others stayed during the duration of the strike. The newspapers hired replacement workers, spent approximately {{USD|40000000|1997}} on private security, and provided the police department in Sterling Heights, Michigan - where a production plant was located - with {{USD|1000000|1997}}.[2] Striking workers traveled the United States to draw attention to the conflict and pressure corporate boards of directors of advertisers in the two newspapers.[2][4][5] In Winter 1996, twenty-seven strikers were arrested for blocking Gannett Company's Port Huron, Michigan printing facility for the USA Today regional edition. The company switched printing of that edition to a more secure facility in Toledo, Ohio. In September 1996, columnist and strike supporter, Susan Watson, was terminated from the Detroit Free Press for participating in a sitdown strike at the Detroit Free Press Building.[5] The unions ended their strike on February 14, 1997.[2] The strike was costly for the labor unions, such as the Teamsters paying about {{USD|30000000|1997}} toward legal fees and strike benefits.[1] Resolution and aftermathFollowing the strike, management indicated they would not fire any of the replacement workers, and would only hire strikers as positions became available. By April 1997, only 200 of the 2,000 striking workers had been rehired. The National Labor Relations Board ruled in 1997 that the newspapers had engaged in unfair labor practices.[2][4] But the newspapers appealed, and the federal courts reversed the NLRB ruling in 2000.[2] The unions remain active at the papers, representing a majority of the employees under their jurisdiction.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Ten years after the strike, the newspapers had still not recovered the lost circulation from the strike.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web| title = Detroit Free Press| author = | work = Encyclopædia Britannica| date = | accessdate = April 9, 2015|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/159612/Detroit-Free-Press}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web| title = Bad News for Labor: New Detroit Newspaper Strike Book Underscores a Broken System - Working In These Times| author = Burns, Joe| work = inthesetimes.com| date = May 30, 2012| accessdate = April 9, 2015|url=http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/13274/bad_news_for_labor_new_detroit_newspaper_strike_book_underscores_a_broken_s}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web| title = Photo of the day: A look back at the Detroit newspapers strike of 1995| author = Foley, Aaron| work = MLive.com| date = July 13, 2010| accessdate = April 9, 2015|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2010/07/photo_of_the_day_a_look_back_a.html}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news| title = Bitter Battle: The Detroit Newspaper Strike| author = | work = Revolutionary Worker| issue = 915| date = July 13, 1997| accessdate = April 9, 2015|url=http://revcom.us/a/v19/910-19/915/detstr.htm}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Detroit Newspaper Strike Update| publisher = Solidarity| work = solidarity-us.org| date = November 1996| accessdate = April 9, 2015|url=http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2321}} External Links
14 : 1995 labor disputes and strikes|1995 in American politics|1995 in Michigan|1996 labor disputes and strikes|1996 in American politics|1996 in Michigan|1997 labor disputes and strikes|1997 in American politics|1997 in Michigan|Newspaper strikes|Labor disputes in the United States|Economy of Detroit|1990s in Detroit|Labor disputes in Michigan |
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