“Principality of Reuss-Gera”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Principality of Reuss-Gera ({{lang-de|Fürstentum Reuß-Gera}}), called the Principality of Reuss Junior Line ({{lang-de|Fürstentum Reuß jüngerer Linie}}) after 1848, was a sovereign state in modern Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss.^[1] It was one of the successor states of the Imperial County of Reuss. The Counts Reuss, with their respective capitals and Residenzen at Gera, Schleiz, Lobenstein, Köstritz and Ebersdorf were all elevated to the title of prince (Fürst) in 1806, and their successor branch heads shared that title, while their cadets were also each titled prince (Prinz).^[1] Thus all males of the family were properly "Prince Heinrich (Roman numeral) Reuss, J.L.", without use of a nobiliary particle, although for convenience their branch names remained in colloquial use (for example, "Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz").

Territory

The territories of four separate branches of the Junior Line amalgamated between 1824 and 1848, at which time the seniormost line of Gera retained sovereignty over the surviving cadet branches, which retained succession rights to the princely throne.^[1] In 1905, the principality of Reuss Junior Line had an area of {{convert|827|km2|abbr=in}} and a population of 145,000, with Gera as its capital.

In the aftermath of World War I, the territory of the Junior Line merged with that of the Elder Line in 1919 as the People's State of Reuss, which became part of the new state of Thuringia on 1 May 1920.

The princely house

The House of Reuss practises a unique system of naming and numbering the male members of the family, every one of whom for centuries has borne the name "Heinrich", followed by a Roman numeral.^[1] While most royal and noble houses assign a regnal number only to the ruling head of the house, and that in the sequential order of their reigns, the Reuss Junior Line ("Reuss, J.L.") used a numbering sequence for all male family members which began afresh with the first son born in each century. Note also that the male children within a single nuclear family need not bear sequential numbers, as all members of the larger family share the common numbering system. For example, the sons of Prince Heinrich LXVII Reuss of Schleiz, in order of their births, were named Heinrich V, Heinrich VIII, Heinrich XI, Heinrich XIV, and Heinrich XVI, with their male-line kinsmen holding the numerals in between according to the order of their births. In consequence of this naming system, certain heads of the Reuss Junior Line have had the highest numbers attached to their name of any European ruling families. The designation of "Junior Line" was dropped in 1930; the Elder Line ("Reuss, A.L.") had become extinct as its last male member, Heinrich XXIV, renounced his rights as sovereign in 1918 and died unmarried in 1927.^[1]

A notable member of this family, Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf (1757–1831), became the maternal grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

=Counts of Plauen

One of the younger sub-lines of the branch which ruled the Reuss, J.L. until 1918, includes the "Counts of Plauen" from the late 19th century. When Prince Heinrich XXVI Reuss (1857-1913) married Countess Viktoria von Fürstenstein (1863-1949) in 1885, under the strict marriage rules then enforced by the Reuss dynasty, although he was but a younger son of a minor ruling family, their children were not allowed to bear the dynasty's princely title. They were, instead, designated "Counts of Plauen", although they remained in the line of succession to the two thrones of Reuss^[1] The Fürstensteins lacked Uradel status: Viktoria's paternal grandfather, Pierre Alexandre LeCamus 1774-1824, son of a French notary living in Martinique, rose to became foreign minister in Jerome Bonaparte's Kingdom of Westphalia, was ennobled there in 1807 and made a count of the French Empire in 1817){{check|date=February 2019}}.^[2]

When the German Empire collapsed at the end of World War I, the reigning Prince Reuss lost his crown along with all the other monarchs whose realms were within Germany. In 1927, Henrich XXVI's son, known as Count Heinrich Harry of Plauen (1890-1951), was adopted by his childless uncle, Prince Heinrich XXX (1864-1939), and the now-deposed dynasty agreed to accept him as "Prince Heinrich Harry Reuß", along with those of his male-line descendants born of unions complying with the family's 1902 rules that permitted marriages to countesses (Heinrich Harry's wife, Huberta von Tiele-Winckler was only a baroness in her own right, but belonged to a family of comital rank in Prussia).^[1] Their son Heinrich Enzio was thus accepted by the House of Reuss as a prince, but his own marriage to Baron Gustaf Peyron's daughter in 1949 occurred before the Reuss family conference of 1957 which lowered the marital standard again,^[1] allowing dynastic inter-marriage with baronial families.

Strictly, therefore, since 1996 the House of Reuss recognized Prince Heinrich Ruzzo Reuss by that title, but without official membership in the dynasty or entitlement to the traditional style of Serene Highness,^[1] while in German law the title is allowed since 1919 only as part of the surname, thus "Heinrich Ruzzo Prinz Reuss".

Prince Heinrich Ruzzo Reuss, Count of Plauen ({{lang-de|Heinrich Ruzzo, Prinz Reuß von Plauen}}; 24 May 1950 – 29 October 1999), known as Prince Ruzzo Reuss for short, was a Swiss-born Swedish landscape architect and, by tradition, a prince of the formerly sovereign House of Reuss.^[3] His branch ruled the Principality of Reuss-Gera until 1918.^[1] He was married to his second wife, former ABBA singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad until his death, who became Princess Reuss of Plauen following the marriage.

Biography

Born in 24 May 1950 in Lucerne, Heinrich Ruzzo was the son of Prince Heinrich Enzio Reuss-Plauen (1922–2000) and a Swedish mother, Louise Peyron (1918–1989), daughter of Baron Gustaf Peyron and Emma Kockum.^[1] The Peyrons had immigrated to Sweden from France in 1740, been ennobled in Sweden in 1825, granted a barony in 1841 and were received into the Swedish House of Nobility the following year. Louise Peyron was an artist.

Princes of Reuss-Gera (1806–1918)

Heads of the House of Reuss

Other notable figures

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite book | title=Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVI.|publisher= C.A. Starke Verlag | year=2001 | location=Glücksburg | chapter=Reuß |pages=127-128, 139-140, 592-593 | language=German| ISBN=978-3-7980-0824-3}}
2. ^{{cite web|website=Les Amis et Passionnés du Père-Lachaise (APPL) |url=http://www.appl-lachaise.net/appl/article.php3?id_article=2855 |title=Le Camus Pierre Alexandre, comte de Furstenstein |date= 28 December 2009 |language=French |accessdate=8 February 2019}}
3. ^{{cite book | title=Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVI.|publisher= C.A. Starke Verlag | year=2001 | location=Glücksburg | chapter=Reuß |pages=127-128, 139-140, 592-593 | language=German| ISBN=978-3-7980-0824-3}}
4. ^The House of Reuss gives all sons the name "Heinrich" (English: Henry) since the 13th century, in honour of their benefactor, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, distinguishing them by sequential Roman numerals. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVI. C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, Glücksburg, p.127
5. ^Online Gotha - Reuss