| 词条 | Privet |
| 释义 |
|name = Privet |image = Schurenbachhalde 11 ies.jpg |image_caption = Ligustrum vulgare |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Ligustrum |authority = L. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text }} A privet is a flowering plant in the genus Ligustrum. The genus contains about 50 species of erect, deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes forming small or medium-sized trees,[1] native to Europe, north Africa, Asia, many introduced and naturalised in Australasia, where only one species extends as a native into Queensland.[2] Some species have become widely naturalized or invasive where introduced. Privet was originally the name for the European semi-evergreen shrub Ligustrum vulgare, and later also for the more reliably evergreen Ligustrum ovalifolium used extensively for privacy hedging, though now the name is applied to all members of the genus. The generic name was applied by Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) to L. vulgare.[3] It is often suggested that the name privet is related to private, but the OED states that there is no evidence to support this.[4] DescriptionPrivet is a group of shrubs and small trees of southern and eastern Asia, from the Himalayas extending into Australia. They may be evergreen or deciduous, and are tolerant of different soil types. They often have conspicuous heads of white flower.[5] followed by black berries. Uses and cultivationIn addition to being cultivated to create ornamental hedges and foliage, privet is also widely used in horticulture and flower arrangements.[6] The Oval leaf privet Ligustrum ovalifolium is used for hedges, while its flexible twigs are sometimes used as cords for lashing.[6] The tree species, especially Chinese privet is frequently used as a street tree in Europe, while other species including Ligustrum japonicum and Ligustrum quihoui are among the others also sometimes used as ornamental plants in gardens.[7] Privet became very popular in Britain as a replacement for ornamental railings around properties, which had been lost to the 1941 Government compulsorily requisitioning of all post-1850 iron gates and railings for the war effort [8] the idea being that the donated metal would be melted down for use in the manufacture of armaments in WWII, although this ultimately did not happen.[9] The remaining stubbs of sawn-off railings can still be seen on many garden walls in the UK, often partly obscured by privet bushes. Chinese privet is used in traditional herbal medicine.[10] The decoction of privet leaves or bark helps to treat diarrhea, stomach ulcers, chronic bowel problems, chapped lips, sore mouths and throats, and a wash for skin problems.[10] Privet leaves and bark have bitter properties that make a useful tea for improving appetite and digestion in chemotherapy patients.[10] Some species produce a fruit, which is mildly toxic to humans.[6][11] Symptoms from eating privet fruit include nausea, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, low blood pressure, and low body temperature.[6] EcologyA plant may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds. Privet is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the common emerald, common marbled carpet, copper underling, engrailed, mottled beauty, scalloped hazel, small angle shades, v-pug, privet hawk moth and willow beauty. Invasiveness{{Main|Privet as an invasive plant}}Privet is a successful invasive species because of its ability to outcompete and therefore displace native vegetation, due to its adaptability. Various species are now a problem in North America, Australia and New Zealand. Additional informationPrivet (translated into German as Liguster) is a core part of Michael Frayn's novel Spies, which was published in 2002. Selected speciesThe Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists eleven "accepted" species of Ligustrum.[12] Additional species are listed in other references.[13][14][15] {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons. 4. Christchurch, New Zealand, Botany Division, D.S.I.R.. 2. ^{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1405332964|pages=1136}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mE0z2MnIsloC |title=National Geographic Desk Reference to Nature's Medicine |first=Steven |last=Foster |author2=Rebecca Johnson |year=2008 |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=978-1-4262-0293-3 |page=116}} 4. ^{{cite web|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary |title=privet, n.1 |url=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50188940}}{{dead link|date=March 2014}} 5. ^{{cite manual|title=The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |author=Urbatch, L. |title=Chinese Privet: Plant Guide. |publisher=USDA and NRCS |url=http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_lisi.pdf |accessdate=March 15, 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=European Garden Flora |edition=2 |volume=4}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.londongardenstrust.org/features/railings.htm|title=Railings|website=www.londongardenstrust.org}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.londongardenstrust.org/features/railings3.htm|title=So What Really Happened to our Railings?|website=www.londongardenstrust.org}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=National Geographic Desk Reference to Nature’s Medicine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mE0z2MnIsloC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=privet+leaves+or+bark+is+helpful+for+treating+diarrhoea,+stomach+ulcers,+chronic+bowel+problems,+chapped+lips,+sore+mouths+and+throats,+and+a+wash+for+skin+problems.&source=bl&ots=52ZdiFT0GR&sig=CuYTZpv15WJEOqOH4Cp2Px5MrEc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WXF0UbsZj6TyBJTDgOgF&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=privet%20leaves%20or%20bark%20is%20helpful%20for%20treating%20diarrhea%2C%20stomach%20ulcers%2C%20chronic%20bowel%20problems%2C%20chapped%20lips%2C%20sore%20mouths%20and%20throats%2C%20and%20a%20wash%20for%20skin%20problems.&f=false |accessdate=March 15, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web |title=Plants for a Future |url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Ligustrum+japonicum}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=ITIS Standard Report Page - Ligustrum |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32973 |accessdate=2011-06-20 |work=Integrated Taxonomic Information System}} 13. ^Flora of China: Ligustrum 14. ^Flora of Taiwan: Ligustrum {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422141619/http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/udth/bin/fot1.exe/browse?BID=4&page=137 |date=22 April 2009 }} 15. ^Flora Europaea: Ligustrum 16. ^{{AustTRFPK6.1 | url= http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Ligustrum_australianum.htm | name= Ligustrum australianum | accessdate= 27 June 2013 }} External links{{Commons category|Ligustrum|Ligustrum}}{{Wikispecies|Ligustrum}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q753099}} 3 : Ligustrum|Garden plants|Poisonous plants |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。