| 释义 |
- List of the difluorides Alkaline earth metal difluorides Lanthanide difluorides Transition metal difluorides Post-transition metal difluorides Nonmetal and metalloid difluorides Noble gas difluorides Bifluorides Organic difluorides
- References
- Bibliography
| Order and disorder in difluorides | | | | The fluorite structure | Beryllium fluoride glass |
Difluorides are chemical compounds with two fluorine atoms per molecule (or per formula unit). Metal difluorides are all ionic. Despite being highly ionic, the alkali earth metal difluorides generally have extremely high lattice stability and are thus insoluble in water. One exception is beryllium difluoride. In addition, many transition metal difluorides are water-soluble. Calcium difluoride is a notable compound. In the form of the mineral fluorite it is the major source of commercial fluorine. It also has an epynomic crystal structure, which is an end member of the spectrum starting from bixbyite and progressing through pyrochlore. List of the difluoridesExamples of the difluorides include: Alkaline earth metal difluorides The alkaline earth metals all exhibit the oxidation state +2, and form difluorides. The difluoride of radium is however not well established due to the element's high radioactivity. - Beryllium difluoride
- Magnesium fluoride
- Calcium fluoride
- Strontium difluoride
- Barium fluoride
Solubility-related constants of alkaline earth metal fluorides Metal
| 2+ HE{{sfn>Wiberg|Wiberg|Holleman|2001|pp=XXXVI–XXXVII | − HE{{sfn>Wiberg|Wiberg|Holleman|2001|p=XXXVI | "MF2" unit
HE | 2 lattice
energies (−kJ/mol){{sfn>Lide|2004|p=12-23 | | (mol/L){{sfn>Wiberg|Wiberg|Holleman|2001|p=1073| Be | 2,455 | 458 | 3,371 | 3,526 | 25 | | Mg | 1,922 | 458 | 2,838 | 2,978 | 0.0012 | | Ca | 1,577 | 458 | 2,493 | 2,651 | 0.0002 | | Sr | 1,415 | 458 | 2,331 | 2,513 | 0.0008 | | Ba | 1,361 | 458 | 2,277 | 2,373 | 0.006 | {{-}} Lanthanide difluorides - Samarium difluoride [1]
- Europium difluoride [2][3]
- Ytterbium difluoride [4]
Transition metal difluoridesCompounds of the form MF2: - Cadmium difluoride
- Chromium(II) fluoride
- Cobalt difluoride
- Copper(II) fluoride
- Iron(II) fluoride
- Manganese(II) fluoride
- Mercury difluoride
- Nickel difluoride
- Palladium difluoride
- Silver difluoride
- Zinc difluoride
Post-transition metal difluorides - Lead difluoride
- Tin(II) fluoride
Nonmetal and metalloid difluorides- Dinitrogen difluoride
- Oxygen difluoride
- Dioxygen difluoride
- Selenoyl difluoride
- Sulfur difluoride
- Disulfur difluoride
- Thionyl difluoride
- Germanium difluoride
Noble gas difluorides - Krypton difluoride
- Xenon difluoride
- Radon difluoride
BifluoridesThe bifluorides contain the two fluorine atoms in a covalently bound HF2− polyatomic ion rather than as F− anions. - Ammonium bifluoride
- Potassium bifluoride
- Sodium bifluoride
Organic difluorides- Ethanedioyl difluoride
- Ethylidene difluoride
- Carbonyl difluoride
- Carbon dibromide difluoride (dibromodifluoromethane)
- Carbon dichloride difluoride (dichlorodifluormethane)
- Methyl difluoride
- Methylphosphonyl difluoride
- Polyvinylidene difluoride
References1. ^https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/101282799#section=2D-Structure
2. ^https://www.americanelements.com/europium-ii-fluoride-14077-39-5
3. ^http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB8426459.htm
4. ^Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearb. Auflage. Band I. Enke, Stuttgart 1975, {{ISBN|3-432-02328-6}}, p. 255.
Bibliography- {{cite book |last1=Greenwood |first1=N. N. |last2=Earnshaw |first2=A. |title=Chemistry of the Elements (second edition) |publisher=Butterworth Heinemann |year=1998 |isbn=0-7506-3365-4 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last=Lide |first=David R. |title=Handbook of chemistry and physics|publisher=CRC Press|year=2004|edition=84th|isbn=0-8493-0566-7 |ref=harv}}
{{Chemistry index}} 1 : Fluorides |