| 词条 | Pro-Euro Conservative Party |
| 释义 |
| name = Pro-Euro Conservative Party | colorcode = {{Pro-Euro Conservative Party/meta/color}} | logo = Pro-Euro Conservative Party logo.jpg | founded = 10 March 1999[1] | dissolved = 10 December 2001 | ideology = One-nation conservatism Liberal conservatism Pro-Europeanism | position = Centre-right | international= | split = Conservative Party | merged = Liberal Democrats | colours = Blue, Yellow }} The Pro-Euro Conservative Party was a British political party announced by John Stevens and Brendan Donnelly in February 1999, formed to contest the 1999 European Parliament Elections.[2][3] The founders were Members of the European Parliament who had resigned from the UK Conservative Party[4] in protest at its anti-euro stance.[3] Their reported aim was to replace Eurosceptic William Hague as Conservative leadership with Europhile Kenneth Clarke.[6][5] Stevens later said that they had intended to push Ken Clarke, Michael Heseltine, Chris Patten and other pro-Europeans in the Conservative Party into "an SDP-style breakaway, in combination with the Liberal Democrats".[8][6] The Pro-Euro Conservative Party disbanded in 2001.[10] PoliciesThe party said it was "based on traditional Conservative values", and they self-defined as "One Nation Conservatives".[8] The main aim of the party was for the United Kingdom to join the euro, also known as "the single currency",[4] for economic reasons.[7] At the time the British pound was strong against the euro, which had dropped in value to be equal to the US dollar, and the then-Governor of the Bank of England Eddie George said that it would be "an act of faith" for Britain to join the Eurozone.[14] The party manifesto, published on 17 May 1999[8] and titled "Time to decide", argued for greater powers for the European Parliament over the European Commission and the European Central Bank, reform of the commission, reduction of countries' veto powers, reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, a European defence and security policy, stronger political and economic ties to the Balkans, and faster EU enlargement in eastern Europe.[4] The Pro-Euro Conservative Party distributed leaflets calling William Hague "Bill Duce", after Mussolini, when a group of Conservative MEPs led by Daniel Hannan were reported to be planning leave the European People's Party grouping[9] and join with an Italian far-right party. John Stevens said Hague was "taking the Tories into an extreme, nationalist party. This is dangerous for the country and catastrophic for the Conservative Party".[10] The PECP's party political broadcast showed an actor portraying Hague as "a down-and-out in a baseball cap ranting about pride in being British and disliking 'frogs', the European single currency and anything else from the continent", which was called "a tacky and amateurish exercise" by the Conservative Party.[11][12] ReceptionA MORI opinion poll of 1911 people published 16 February 1999 suggested that a new pro-EU conservative party could possibly win 11% of the vote.[3][10][13][14] The party received an endorsement in The Independent from writer A. N. Wilson,[15] as well as support from Paul Howell, who was a speech writer for Margaret Thatcher and Edward Heath and a former Conservative MEP,[3] and Sir Anthony Meyer, 3rd Baronet, a former MP and the "stalking horse" candidate against Margaret Thatcher in 1989.[16] After William Hague ruled out Britain joining the euro under a Conservative government, former cabinet minister Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar said he would vote for the PECP, and four former Conservative MPs - Sir Julian Critchley, Sir Nicholas Scott, Sir David Knox, Sir Robert Hicks - and four former MEPs - Margaret Daly, Adam Fergusson, Madron Seligman and Anthony Simpson - wrote in a letter to The Times[17] that "We would have wished that William Hague's party had put forward a manifesto more like that of the Pro Euro Conservative Party. Like many Conservatives, we shall find it very difficult to know how best to cast our vote on 10 June." The Conservative Party threatened to expel any members who supported the PECP,[18][19] and did expel Critchley and Gilmour a fortnight after the election.[20] Although the party's election literature featured Ken Clarke, asking voters "Are you more a Clarke Conservative than a Hague Conservative?,"[21] Clarke did not approve of the party or its campaign[22] and with Michael Heseltine met with the PECP at Heseltine's home in May 1999 to try to persuade them not to stand.[23] Conservative MP Geoffrey Howe who became head of pro-euro group Britain in Europe during the election campaign did not endorse the PECP, but said the resignations from the Conservatives "should send a clear and sombre signal to our party leadership".[24] Andrew Lansley, then a vice-chairman of the Conservatives called them "a party of the disgruntled and disaffected".[25] Despite the party's name and their position as "rebel Tories", some of their candidates and officials were from the European Movement and originally from parties other than the Conservatives, such as Labour and the Liberal Democrats.[26] The chief press officer Mark Littlewood was a Liberal Democrat who had also been a spokesman for the European Movement and later rejoined the Liberal Democrats.[27] Electoral performanceThe party stood 84 candidates in the European Parliament elections,[28][29] receiving 138,097 votes, or 1.4% of the vote and no seats.[30] In the same election the United Kingdom Independence Party, which campaigns for withdrawal from the European Union, received just under 7% of the vote and three seats in the European Parliament. John Stevens received 3.8% of the vote as the PECP candidate in the 1999 Kensington & Chelsea by-election against Michael Portillo. The party announced that it planned to change its name after the by-election due to voter hostility.[31] In November 2001, the PECP urged Conservatives to vote for the Liberal Democrat candidate in the Ipswich by-election.[32] DisbandingIn December 2001 the Pro-Euro Conservative Party disbanded, expressing disappointment at failing to persuade pro-European "grandees" to leave the Conservative Party and cooperate with the Liberal Democrats.[33][34] Leader John Stevens called the Conservative Party under their then newly elected leader Iain Duncan Smith "a cancer of extremism and xenophobia". He was one of approximately 20 supporters who joined the Liberal Democrats and urged the remainder of the party's claimed 500 members to follow suit.[35][36][37] References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/mar/11/uk.politicalnews2|title=Rebel Tory MEPs deal body blow to Hague|last=White|first=Michael|author2=Nicholas Watt|date=11 March 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB928960615185249216?mod=googlewsj|title=The Challenge Awaiting Britain's Conservatives|last=Stevens|first=John|date=10 June 1999|work=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/proeuro-party-threatens-to-split-tories-1072222.html|title=Pro-Euro party threatens to split Tories|last=Wolff|first=Marie|date=21 February 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/euros_99/parties_and_issues/349285.stm|title=Pro-Euro Conservative Party|date=28 May 1999|work=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/20/news/20iht-brit.2.t_4.html |title=Euro Is Emerging Again As a Key British Issue |last=Buerkle |first=Tom |date=20 May 1999 |work=New York Times |accessdate=2009-08-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519020104/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/20/news/20iht-brit.2.t_4.html |archivedate=19 May 2015 }} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jun/13/conservatives.uk3|title=Make the break, Ken|last=Stevens|first=John|date=13 June 2001|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/jun/08/uk.voterapathy|title=Victory for apathy feared|last=White|first=Michael|date=8 June 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/05/17/nreb17.html|title=Rebel Tories say party has no place for Europhiles|last=Newton|first=Polly|date=17 May 1999|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031108015527/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1999%2F05%2F17%2Fnreb17.html|archivedate=8 November 2003|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/vote-for-europe-antieuro-tory-meps-plot-rebellion-1097412.html|title=Vote for Europe: Anti-euro Tory MEPs plot rebellion|last=Waugh|first=Paul|date=1 June 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/the-vote-for-europe-hague-likened-to-mussolini-1099036.html|title=The Vote For Europe: Hague likened to Mussolini|last=Waugh|first=Paul|date=9 June 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/may/22/uk.politicalnews1|title=The leader is a tramp|last=McAskill|first=Ewen|date=22 May 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-29}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/hague-portrayed-as-gibbering-loner-in-europhiles-broadcast-1095067.html|title=Hague portrayed as gibbering loner in Europhiles' broadcast|last=Marks|first=Kathy|date=22 May 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-29}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=1800|title=European Parliament Elections 1999: Public Attitudes|date=16 February 1999|work=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2009-08-29}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/feb/17/uk.politicalnews2|title=Hague's euro nightmare|last=Watt|first=Nicholas|date=17 February 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 15. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/vote-for-a-europe-free-from-bullies-and-lackeys-1096933.html|title=Vote for a Europe free from bullies and lackeys|last=Wilson|first=A N|date=30 May 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1480801/Sir-Anthony-Meyer.html|title=Obituary: Sir John Meyer|date=10 January 2005|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/jun/09/uk.politicalnews|title=Hague's final plea on pound|last=White|first=Michael|date=9 June 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/the-vote-for-europe-end-of-the-tory-truce-on-europe-1099035.html|title=The Vote For Europe: End of the Tory truce on Europe|last=Grice|first=Andrew|date=9 June 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/our-party-is-a-broad-church-lets-keep-it-that-way-1098998.html|title=Our party is a broad church. Let's keep it that way|last=Gummer|first=John|date=9 June 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/hague-expels-proeuro-grandees-1101808.html|title=Hague expels pro-euro grandees|last=Brown|first=Colin|date=23 June 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/tory-rebels-back-ken-clarke-in-first-challenge-to-hague-1089364.html|title=Tory rebels back Ken Clarke in first challenge to Hague|last=Wolff|first=Marie|date=25 April 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-29}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/jun/04/uk.politicalnews1|title=PM under fire from both sides on euro|last=White|first=Michael|author2=Lucy Ward|date=4 June 1999|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/clarke-meets-tory-rebels-at-heseltines-london-home-1096720.html|title=Clarke meets Tory rebels at Heseltine's London home|last=Wolff|first=Marie|date=30 May 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/howe-to-oppose-hague-on-euro-1079278.html|title=Howe to oppose Hague on euro|last=Grice|first=Andrew|date=9 March 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/hague-makes-euro-the-big-election-issue-1093597.html|title=Hague makes euro the big election issue|last=Grice|first=Andrew|author2=Sarah Schaefer|date=15 May 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/06/07/neur207.html|title=Pro Euro 'Tory' worked with Labour last month|last=Shrimsley|first=Robert|date=7 June 1999|work=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2009-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031108033727/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1999%2F06%2F07%2Fneur207.html|archivedate=8 November 2003|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^http://www.prweek.com/news/rss/230358// 28. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/confusion-as-tories-speak-up-for-euro-1096982.html|title=Confusion as Tories speak up for euro|last=Grice|first=Andrew|date=31 May 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/1999/1999-election-candidates|title=1999 Election Candidates|work=UK Office of the European Parliament|accessdate=2009-08-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518100301/http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/1999/1999-election-candidates|archivedate=18 May 2009|df=dmy-all}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/1999/1999-election-results|title=1999 Election Results|work=UK Office of the European Parliament|accessdate=2009-08-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927092722/http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/1999/1999-election-results|archivedate=27 September 2011|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/387097.stm|title=World: Europe Conservative name change|date=6 July 1999|work=BBC World Service|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 32. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/nov/21/byelections.uk|title=Pro-euro Tories urge backing Lib Dems|last=Staff and agencies|date=21 November 2001|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 33. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/dec/10/eu.politics|title=Pro-European Tories join Lib Dems|last=Glover|first=Julian|date=10 December 2001|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 34. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1701283.stm|title=Ex-Tories join Lib Dems over euro|date=10 December 2001|work=BBC News|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 35. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/john--stevens--why-the-proeuro-conservatives--are-joining-the-liberal-democrats-619641.html|title=John Stevens: Why the Pro-Euro Conservatives are joining the Liberal Democrats|last=Stevens|first=John|date=10 December 2001|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 36. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/breakaway-proeuro-conservatives-to-disband-and-join-the-lib-dems-619724.html|title=Breakaway Pro-Euro Conservatives to disband and join the Lib Dems|last=Grice|first=Andrew|author2=Stephen|date=10 December 2001|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-08-28}} 37. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070714130544/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2001%2F12%2F11%2Fnmars11.xml Marsden quits, tired of control freaks and spin], Daily Telegraph, 12 December 2001 Further reading
External links
8 : 1999 establishments in the United Kingdom|2001 disestablishments in the United Kingdom|Conservative Party (UK) breakaway groups|Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom|Organisations associated with the Liberal Democrats (UK)|Political parties disestablished in 2001|Political parties established in 1999|Pro-European political parties in the United Kingdom |
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