| 词条 | Donald L. Cox |
| 释义 |
| name = Donald Lee Cox | image = Newsweek_Panthers.jpg | alt = | caption = Cox (upper right) appearing on the cover of Newsweek in Febraruy 23, 1970. Elbert "Big Man" Howard occupies the lower right. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|04|16}} | birth_place = Appleton City, Missouri, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|02|19|1936|04|16}} | death_place = Camps-sur-l'Agly, France | nationality = American | other_names = DC | known_for = Field Marshal of the Black Panther Party, 1967–71 | occupation = Political organizer | organization = Black Panther Party | spouse = Barbara Easley-Cox }}Donald Lee Cox (April 16, 1936 – February 19, 2011), known as Field Marshal DC, was an early member of the leadership of the African American revolutionary leftist organization the Black Panther Party, joining the group in 1967. Cox was titled the Field Marshal of the group during the years he actively participated in its leadership, due to his familiarity with and writing about guns.[1] BiographyAfter a rural upbringing in western Missouri, Cox moved to San Francisco in 1953 at age 17. He became interested in political action by following the events of the Civil Rights Movement during the next several years. Cox was deeply disturbed by events such as the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, in which 4 little black girls were killed and a further 22 people injured in an act of White Supremacist terrorism carried out by the Ku Klux Klan.[2] He became affiliated with the Congress of Racial Equality, and in 1964 and 1965 he was involved in the series of protests directed against the Bank of America, San Francisco hotels, rental agencies and the automobile industry, who were discriminating against African-Americans.[3] Cox joined the Oakland, California-based Black Panthers in 1967 in response to a civilian-shooting-by-police incident in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco a year earlier.[4] Along with Eldridge Cleaver, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale and others, Cox was a member of the "central committee" of the Panthers.[1] Initially Cox did not have a formal title within the Black Panther group, but his role was understood to relate to the usage of firearms. Cox had been taught to use firearms and hunt during his upbringing in Missouri, and as such was able to train other fellow members in proper usage of a weapon. Cox was also far more aware than fellow members of the laws regarding firearms and knew how to legally purchase them. He would eventually receive the title of "Field Marshal" in 1968, and would later use the moniker "Field Marshal DC" while campaigning for the BPP. [5] Cox became a national organizer and spokesperson for the group, which was involved in multiple legal cases and a target of the COINTELPRO project of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation.[6] In January 1970, Cox was invited to speak to several dozen guests of composer Leonard Bernstein and his wife Felicia at their penthouse apartment in the wealthy Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan. The gathering was an effort to raise funds for the defense of twenty-one Black Panther members who were charged with conspiracy to bomb buildings and other crimes.[1][7] Cox was famously photographed along with the Bernsteins for a cover story essay by Tom Wolfe in New York magazine, published in June 1970 and entitled "Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's".[7] The article led to the popularization of "radical chic" as a critical term.[8] Cox, along with the Bernsteins, vehemently dismissed Wolfe's notion that the New York upper class was dabbling in radical politics as a fashion statement at the event, vouching for their sincerity.[1] Shortly after the Bernstein fundraiser, Cox was accused along with several others of conspiracy to murder a Panther who was an informant in Baltimore named Eugene Anderson. Cox fled the United States to avoid trial, living first in Algeria (where Eldridge and Kathleen Cleaver had already setup a base for exiled Panthers following their own escape from the US) and later in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France. Cox did not return to the United States, although he married an American from Philadelphia, Barbara Easley. He died in exile in Camps-sur-l'Agly, France in February 2011.[1] Works
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last=Weber|first=Bruce|title=D.L. Cox, a Leader of Radicals During 1960s, Dies at 74|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/us/14cox.html|accessdate=15 March 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 March 2011}} {{Black Panther Party}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cox, Donald L.}}2. ^Bukhari, S. (1992). Interview with Donald Cox, former Field Marshall, Black Panther Party. Crossroad, [online] (Vol. 12, Issue 3). Available at: http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/dc/pdf/CR12_No3.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar. 2019]. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/aug/30/intrepid-donald-cox-black-panther-field-marshal/|title=The intrepid Donald Cox, a Black Panther field marshal |last=Boyd |first=Herb |date=30 August 2018 |website=amsterdamnews.com |publisher= |access-date=17 March 2019 |quote=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Memorials/htm/In_Memory_Of_Exiled_Fallen_Black_Panther_Party_Field_Marshal_Donald_DC_Cox.htm|title=An Interview with Donald Cox, former Field Marshal, Black Panther Party|publisher=Itsabouttimebpp.com|date=|accessdate=15 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^Bukhari, S. (1992), Page 3 6. ^{{cite book |last=Stohl|first=Michael|title=The Politics of terrorism|year=1988|publisher=Marcel Dekker|location=New York|isbn=0-8247-7814-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R60c_2nCcnYC&pg=PA249|accessdate=15 March 2011|page=249}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Radical Chic |url=http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/hopeforamerica/causesandcontroversies/polarization/ExhibitObjects/RadicalChic.aspx |work=Hope for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Culture |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=15 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725171227/http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/hopeforamerica/causesandcontroversies/polarization/ExhibitObjects/RadicalChic.aspx |archivedate=25 July 2012 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Leonard Bernstein: A political life|url=http://www.economist.com/node/13726549|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=15 March 2011|date=May 28, 2009}} 7 : 1936 births|2011 deaths|People from Appleton City, Missouri|Activists for African-American civil rights|American revolutionaries|Members of the Black Panther Party|American expatriates in France |
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