| 词条 | Doreen Lawrence |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon |image=Official portrait of Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon crop 2.jpg |honorific-suffix = OBE |office = Chancellor of De Montfort University |1blankname = Vice-Chancellor |1namedata = Dominic Shellard Andy Collop (Interim) |term_start = 22 January 2016 |term_end = |predecessor = The Lord Alli |successor = |office2 = Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal |term_start2 = 15 October 2013 Life Peerage |term_end2 = |birth_name = Doreen Delceita Graham |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|10|24|df=yes}} |birth_place = Colony of Jamaica |nationality = British |alma_mater = University of Greenwich |occupation = Campaigner and parliamentarian |party = Labour |spouse = Neville Lawrence (m. 1972; div 1999) |children = Stephen Lawrence (1974–1993; murdered); The Hon. Stuart Lawrence (b. 1977); The Hon. Georgina Lawrence (b. 1982) |notable awards = }}{{Listen| filename = Doreen Lawrence BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 10 June 2012 b01jqb8t.flac |title = Lawrence's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme Desert Island Discs, 10 June 2012[1]}} Doreen Delceita Lawrence, Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon, OBE (née Graham; born 24 October 1952) is a British Jamaican campaigner and the mother of Stephen Lawrence, a black British teenager who was murdered in a racist attack in South East London in 1993. She promoted reforms of the police service and founded the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust. She was appointed OBE for "services to community relations" in 2003, and was created a Life Peer in 2013. In January 2016, she was appointed to be Chancellor of De Montfort University, Leicester. Early and personal lifeLawrence was born in Jamaica in 1952.[2] At the age of nine, she emigrated to England. She completed her education in south-east London, before becoming a bank worker. In 1972, she married Neville Lawrence. Their son Stephen was born in 1974, and Stuart was born in 1977. Georgina was born in 1982.[3] The couple divorced in 1999.[4] Murder of Stephen Lawrence{{main|Murder of Stephen Lawrence}}Following the murder of their son Stephen in 1993, Doreen and Neville Lawrence claimed that the Metropolitan Police investigation was not being conducted in a professional manner, citing incompetence and racism as prime flaws.[5] In 1999, after years of campaigning, and with the support of many in the community, the media[6] and politics, a wide-ranging judicial inquiry was established by Jack Straw, the Home Secretary. Chaired by Sir William MacPherson, the inquiry was to investigate the circumstances of Stephen Lawrence's death. The public inquiry was the subject of intense media interest which became international when it concluded that the Metropolitan Police was "institutionally racist"[7] and that this was one of the primary causes of their failure to solve the case. Public lifeIn the aftermath of the inquiry, Lawrence continued to campaign for justice for her son as well as for other victims of racist crime. She has worked to secure further reforms of the police service. In 2003 she was awarded the OBE[8][9] for services to community relations. She founded the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust[10] to promote a positive community legacy in her son's name. Lawrence has been selected to sit on panels within the Home Office[11] and the Police Service, and she is a member of both the board and the council of Liberty,[12] the human rights organisation, as well as being a patron of hate crime charity Stop Hate UK.[13] In August 2014, Lawrence was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue.[14] RecognitionOn 27 July 2012, Lawrence took part in the 2012 Olympic opening ceremony, holding the Olympic flag with seven others. In October 2012, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 14th Pride of Britain Awards.[15] In April 2014, she was named as Britain's most influential woman in the BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Power List 2014.[16] In May 2014, Lawrence was awarded the Grassroot Diplomat Initiative Award under the Social Driver category for her extensive work with the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust.[17] Lawrence was elevated to the peerage as a Baroness on 6 September 2013, and is formally styled Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon, of Clarendon in the Commonwealth Realm of Jamaica;[18] the honour is rare for being designated after a location in a Commonwealth realm outside the United Kingdom.[19] She sits on the Labour benches in the House of Lords as a working peer.[20] She has been awarded honorary doctorates from the Open University and the University of West London, and became Chancellor of De Montfort University in Leicester in 2016. Popular cultureChris Ofili's 1998 painting No Woman No Cry is a portrait of Doreen Lawrence crying; in each tear is an image of her son Stephen. It was part of Ofili's Turner Prize exhibition, and now hangs in the Tate Gallery.[21]In 1999, she was portrayed by actress Marianne Jean-Baptiste in the TV docudrama The Murder of Stephen Lawrence.[22] In 2000, Doreen Lawrence was featured in a double portrait exhibited at the Stephen Lawrence Gallery in Greenwich, London.[23] Lawrence was the guest subject on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on 10 June 2012.[1] Sons Of Kemet dedicated the song "My queen is Doreen Lawrence" to Lawrence.[24]References1. ^1 {{Cite episode |title= Doreen Lawrence |series= Desert Island Discs |serieslink= Desert Island Discs |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jqb8t |accessdate= 18 January 2014 |station= BBC Radio 4 |date= 10 June 2012 |season= |seriesno= |number= |transcript= |transcripturl= }} 2. ^[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Still-I-Rise-Doreen-Lawrence/dp/0571227546 And Still I Rise: Seeking Justice for Stephen (the autobiography of Doreen Lawrence)], Faber and Faber (15 June 2006). 3. ^{{cite web|author1=Malik, Shiv |author2= Sandra Laville |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jan/09/stephen-lawrence-brother-racism-police |title=Stephen Lawrence's brother lodges racism complaint against Met police | UK news |newspaper=The Guardian |date= 9 January 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2014}} 4. ^"Lawrence parents divorce", BBC Online, 9 July 1999. 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/110842.stm|title=Lawrence mother calls police 'racist'|publisher=BBC News|date= 11 June 1998|accessdate=8 August 2011}} 6. ^Hoge, Warren (18 February 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/18/world/racial-killing-bursts-a-british-press-taboo.html "Racial Killing Bursts a British Press Taboo"], The New York Times, 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/4262.htm|title=The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry|publisher=Archive.official-documents.co.uk|date=24 February 1999|accessdate=8 August 2011}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2615797.stm|title=Fighting on: Neville and Doreen Lawrence|publisher=BBC News|date=31 December 2002|accessdate=8 August 2011}} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=56797 |date=31 December 2002 |page=11 |supp=y}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.charitiesdirect.com/charities/stephen-lawrence-charitable-trust-the-1102267.html |title=Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust – Registered Charity Number: 1102267 |publisher=Charitiesdirect.com |date= |accessdate=6 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213203730/http://www.charitiesdirect.com/charities/stephen-lawrence-charitable-trust-the-1102267.html |archivedate=13 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/lords/?gid=2009-05-06a.548.4|title=Police: Stop and Search — Question|publisher=Theyworkforyou.com|date=6 May 2009|accessdate=8 August 2011}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/31/doreen-lawrence-labour-peer |first=Patrick |last=Wintour |title=Doreen Lawrence to be made a Labour peer |newspaper=The Guardian |date=31 July 2013}} 13. ^Stop Hate UK official website. 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/aug/07/celebrities-open-letter-scotland-independence-full-text |title=Celebrities' open letter to Scotland – full text and list of signatories | Politics |newspaper= The Guardian |date=7 August 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/news/london/2012-10-30/doreen-lawrence-honoured/|title=Doreen Lawrence honoured|publisher=ITV News|date=30 October 2012 |accessdate=31 October 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Woman's Hour Power List 2014 Game Changers – Top Ten revealed| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zy4m5/profiles|publisher=BBC Radio 4}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who |url=http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho/ |accessdate=27 April 2015 |work=Grassroot Diplomat |date=15 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520125406/http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho/ |archivedate=20 May 2015 |df=dmy }} 18. ^{{London Gazette |issue=60624 |date=11 September 2013 |page=17949}} 19. ^{{cite web|author=Siva, Vivienne|url=http://jis.gov.jm/jamaican-born-civil-rights-campaigner-appointed-british-house-lords/|title=Jamaican Born Civil Rights Campaigner Appointed to British House of Lords|date=25 October 2013|publisher=Jamaican Information Service}} 20. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/working-peerages-announced "Working peerages announced"], Press release, Gov.uk, 1 August 2013. 21. ^{{cite web|first=Charlotte |last= Higgins|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jan/25/chris-ofili-art |title=Chris Ofili: A journey from elephant art to mother nature's son|publisher=The Guardian|date=25 January 2010|accessdate=8 August 2011}} 22. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0283498/ "The Murder of Stephen Lawrence (1999)"], IMDb. 23. ^"Remembering Stephen Lawrence: Doreen Lawrence Unveils New Double Portrait at University of Greenwich" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723140652/http://w3.gre.ac.uk/pr/releasearchive/472.html |date=23 July 2011 }} University of Greenwich press release, 15 May 2000. 24. ^"Sons of Kemet" External links
9 : 1952 births|Living people|1999 in England|Black British history|Black British politicians|English people of Jamaican descent|Labour Party (UK) life peers|Labour Party (UK) people|Officers of the Order of the British Empire |
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