| 词条 | Dorothy Pizer |
| 释义 |
Dorothy Pizer or Dorothy Padmore (c.1906 – 22 November 1964) was a British Jewish working-class anti-racist activist, secretary and publishing worker. In the 1940s and 1950s she was the partner, supporter and collaborator of Pan-African activist and Communist George Padmore. LifeThe daughter of a tailor who had left school at 15, Dorothy Pizer grew up in a household without books in London's East End.[1] Since she had been too poor to accept a scholarship, her education was limited. Yet she later learnt stenography, became a business secretary,[2] and became fluent in French.[1] Pizer's brother was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), and she became involved with the CPGB in the 1930s. Through party contacts she met George Padmore in 1937,[2] and by the end of World War II the pair were living together.[1] She was always treated as Padmore's wife, although they were never formally married,[1] and he had a former wife, Julia Semper. Dorothy supported the couple financially by continuing to work as a secretary during the day. She typed the manuscript of C. L. R. James's book World Revolution (1937),[3] and also typed manuscripts for her husband. [4]Publishing was one of the main strategies adopted by black intellectuals in challenging the foundations of British colonial rule,[5] and Pizer's skills enabled her to play an important role in this global political struggle:{{quote|She has been praised for her tireless work as a secretary to provide a living for Padmore, her typing efforts on his manuscripts, and her reputation as a consummate hostess and excellent chef for the revolving door of African and West Indian nationalists who came to their home. Yet she was much more than this. Their relationship was both a practical and an intellectual partnership. It was a companionship in which ideas could be debated and strategies worked out.[1]}} From 1941 to 1957 the Padmores shared a flat at 22 Cranleigh Street in Camden, London. It became a mecca for visiting pan-Africanists and leftists including Kwame Nkrumah, Eric Williams, Jomo Kenyatta, and Joe Appiah.[6] The Padmores first met Richard Wright and his wife in 1947, and over the next decade the couples often visited each other in London and Paris.[4] In 1953 Dorothy persuaded Wright to visit the Gold Coast, where George had already started advising Kwame Nkrumah in his plans for its independence as Ghana.[7] Dorothy herself visited the Gold Coast for the first time in 1954, and in 1957 the Padmores moved to Ghana permanently as special advisers to Kwame Nkrumah.[8] At the time of her husband's premature death in 1959, Dorothy Padmore was visiting W. E. B. Du Bois and his wife Shirley in New York.[9] Returning to Accra for her husband's state funeral, in which his ashes were buried at Christiansborg Castle,[10] she continued to live in Ghana as an adviser to Nkrumah. She planned but never completed a biography of her husband, collecting notes and papers relating to him. On 22 November 1964, aged 58,[11] she died in Accra from a heart attack.[2] After her death, Nkrumah took some of the papers that she had collected relating to her husband, and the papers subsequently made their way to Howard University.[12] A plaque commemorating George Padmore was put up at their flat in 2011. Selma James, the widow of C. L. R. James, honoured Dorothy as well as George at the unveiling: {{quote|Every anti-colonial activist organizing against British imperialism came [here].... George and Dorothy would give dinners to all the people who came to them. They were in the struggle together for many years – dedicated internationalists and socialists.[13]}} Works
References1. ^1 2 3 4 Leslie Elaine James, "'What we put in black and white': George Padmore and the practice of anti-imperial politics", PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012, p. 144. 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=James R. Hooker|title=Black Revolutionary: George Padmore's path from communism to pan-Africanism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2caAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2012|year=1967|publisher=Praeger|page=48}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Hakim Adi|author2=Marika Sherwood|title=Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KG5sPR-2POgC&pg=PA154|accessdate=1 November 2012|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-41780-5|page=154}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|editor=Jerry W. Ward; Robert J. Butler|title=The Richard Wright Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlQ0SS4XEYYC&pg=PA295|accessdate=1 November 2012|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35519-6|page=295|chapter=Padmore, Dorothy (?–1966)}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROotAQAAIAAJ|title=Ending British Rule in Africa: Writers in a Common Cause|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7190-7767-8|author=Carol Polsgrove|accessdate=30 October 2012}} 6. ^Cameron Duodu, "George Padmore commemorated with plaque in London", Pambazuka News, Issue 537, 30 June 2011. 7. ^{{cite book|author=S. Shankar|editor=Virginia Whatley Smith|title=Richard Wright's Travel Writings: New Reflections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue_cBbnEahIC&pg=PA15|accessdate=1 November 2012|date=31 January 2012|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-57806-931-6|pages=15–16|chapter=Colonial Politics and the Travel Narrative}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Michel Fabre|title=The World of Richard Wright|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHCsMBvyvbkC&pg=PA256|accessdate=1 November 2012|date=26 November 2007|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-60473-012-8|pages=256–261|chapter=Appendix D. A Letter from Dorothy Padmore}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Yevette Richards|title=Conversations With Maida Springer: A Personal History of Labor, Race, and International Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHVD3fs652EC&pg=PA151|accessdate=1 November 2012|year=2004|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|isbn=978-0-8229-4231-3|page=151}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Kevin K. Gaines|title=American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyM9WgZChF0C&pg=PA108|accessdate=1 November 2012|year=2006|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=978-0-8078-3008-6|page=108}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Ghana Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asEqAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 November 2012|volume=8|year=1964}} 12. ^Polsgrove, p. 117. 13. ^Josie Hinton, "Blue Plaque pays tribute to Pan-Africanist George Padmore", Camden New Journal, 30 June 2011. External links
9 : 1906 births|Year of birth uncertain|1964 deaths|Anti-racism activists|Black British history|British Jews|Jewish anti-racism activists|Jewish socialists|People from the London Borough of Camden |
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