| 词条 | Prune |
| 释义 |
A prune is a dried plum of any cultivar, mostly Prunus domestica or European Plum. The use of the term for fresh fruit is obsolete except when applied to varieties grown for drying.[1] Most prunes are freestone cultivars (the pit is easy to remove), whereas most other plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). Production{{nutritionalvalue| name = Plums, dried (prunes), uncooked | kJ=1006 | water=31 g | protein=2.18 g | fat=0.38 g | carbs=63.88 g | fiber=7.1 g | sugars=38.13 g | calcium_mg=43 | iron_mg=0.93 | magnesium_mg=41 | phosphorus_mg=69 | potassium_mg=732 | sodium_mg=2 | zinc_mg=0.44 | manganese_mg=0.299 | vitC_mg=0.6 | thiamin_mg=0.051 | riboflavin_mg=0.186 | niacin_mg=1.882 | pantothenic_mg=0.422 | vitB6_mg=0.205 | folate_ug=4 | choline_mg=10.1 | vitA_ug=39 | betacarotene_ug=394 | lutein_ug=148 | vitE_mg=0.43 | vitK_ug=59.5 | source_usda = 1 | note=Link to USDA Database entry }} More than 1,000 plum cultivars are grown for drying. The main cultivar grown in the United States is the Improved French prune. Other varieties include Sutter, Tulare Giant, Moyer, Imperial, Italian, and Greengage. Fresh prunes reach the market earlier than fresh plums and are usually smaller in size. NameIn 2001, plum growers in the United States were authorised by the government to call prunes "dried plums".[2] Due to the popular U.S. perception of prunes being used only for relief of constipation, and being the subject of related joking, many distributors stopped using the word "prune" on packaging labels in favour of "dried plums".[3] Health effectsPrunes contain dietary fiber (about 7% of weight; table) which may provide laxative effects,[4]. Their sorbitol content may also be responsible, a conclusion reached in a 2012 review by the European Food Safety Authority. The report also demonstrated that prunes effectively contribute to the maintenance of normal bowel function in the general population if consumed in quantities of at least {{convert|100|g|oz}} per day.[4] NutritionPrunes are 31% water, 64% carbohydrates, including 7% dietary fiber, 2% protein, and less than 1% fat (table). Prunes are a rich source of vitamin K (57% of the Daily Value, DV) and a moderate source of several B vitamin and dietary minerals (10-16% DV; table). PhytochemicalsPrunes and prune juice contain phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds (mainly as neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic acids) and sorbitol.[5] UsesPrunes are used in preparing both sweet and savory dishes.[4] Contrary to the name, boiled plums or prunes are not used to make sugar plums which instead may be a nut, seed, or spice coated with hard sugar, also called a comfit.[6] See also{{Portal|Food}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades-standards/dehydrated-prunes-grades-and-standards|title=Dehydrated Prunes Grades and Standards|publisher=Agricultural Marketing Service, US Department of Agriculture|date=2017|accessdate=15 May 2017}} {{commons}}{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=117656&page=1|title=FDA Approves Prune Name Change|date=2006-01-06|publisher=ABC News|access-date=2016-07-14}} 3. ^Janick, Jules and Robert E. Paull (2008). The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. {{ISBN|0-85199-638-8}}. p. 696. 4. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to dried plums of 'prune' cultivars (Prunus domestica L.) and maintenance of normal bowel function (ID 1164, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2712 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=10 |issue=6 |page=2712 |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) |year = 2012}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal | pmid = 11401245 | year = 2001 | last1 = Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis | first1 = M | last2 = Bowen | first2 = PE | last3 = Hussain | first3 = EA | last4 = Damayanti-Wood | first4 = BI | last5 = Farnsworth | first5 = NR | title = Chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food? | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | pages = 251–86 | doi = 10.1080/20014091091814 | journal = Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/12/sugar-plums-theyre-not-what-you-think-they-are/68385/|author=Kawash, Samira|date=22 December 2010|title=Sugar Plums: They're Not What You Think They Are|publisher=The Atlantic|accessdate=13 July 2017}} 3 : Dried fruit|Laxatives|Plums |
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