| 词条 | Ptolemy V Epiphanes |
| 释义 |
| name = Ptolemy V Epiphanes | role = King of Egypt | image= Tetradrachme Ptolémée V.jpg | caption = Tetradrachm issued by Ptolemy V Epiphanes, British Museum | reign = 204–181 BC | coronation = | alt_name = {{lang-grc|Πτολεμαῖος Ἐπιφανής}} {{lang-egy|Iwaennetjerwymerwyitu Seteppah Userkare Sekhem-ankhamun}}[1] | predecessor = Ptolemy IV | successor = Ptolemy VI | horus = ḥwnw-ḫꜤj-m-nsw-ḥr-st-jt.f Khunukhaiemnisutkhersetitef The youth who has appeared as king on his father's throne | horus_hiero = | nebty = wr-pḥtj smn-tꜢwj snfr-tꜢmrj mnḥ-jb-ḫr-nṯrw Werpehty Sementawy Senefertameri Menekhibkhernetjeru The one great of strength, who has established the Two Lands and made Ta-mery perfect (by) being efficacious before the gods | nebty_hiero = | golden = wꜢḏ-Ꜥnḫ-n-ḥnmmt nb-ḥbw-sd-mj-ptḥ jty-mj-rꜤ Wadjankhenkhenmemet Nebkhebusedmiptah Itymire The one who has made the life of mankind flourish, a possessor of Sed festivals like Ptah and a sovereign like Ra | golden_hiero = | prenomen = jwꜤ-nṯrwj-mr(wj)-jt stp.n-ptḥ wsr-kꜢ-rꜤ sḫm-Ꜥnḫ-n-jmn Iwaennetjerwymer(wy)it Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun The heir of the two gods who love (their?) father, chosen by Ptah, the strong one of the ka of Ra, the living image of Amun{{Infobox pharaoh/Prenomen|Prenomen= | nomen = ptwlmjs Ꜥnḫ-ḏt-mrj-pth Ptolemys Ankhdjetmeryptah Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah{{Infobox pharaoh/Nomen|Nomen= | birth_date = 9 October 210 BC | death_date = 181 BC (aged 28–29) | spouse = Cleopatra I | children= Ptolemy VI Ptolemy VIII Cleopatra II | dynasty = Ptolemaic dynasty | father = Ptolemy IV Philopator | mother = Arsinoe III of Egypt | burial = Alexandria }} Ptolemy V Epiphanes[2] ({{lang-gr|Πτολεμαῖος Ἐπιφανής}}, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs "Ptolemy the Illustrious"); 210–181 BC[3]), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty from 204 to 181 BC. He inherited the throne at the age of five, and under a series of regents, the kingdom was paralyzed. The Rosetta Stone was produced during his reign as an adult. ReignRegency infightingPtolemy Epiphanes was only a small boy when his father, Ptolemy Philopator, died. Philopator's two leading favorites, Agathocles and Sosibius, fearing that Arsinoe would secure the regency, had her murdered before she heard of her husband's death, thereby securing the regency for themselves. However, in 202 BC, Tlepolemus, the general in charge of Pelusium, put himself at the head of a revolt. Once Epiphanes was in the hands of Tlepolemus he was persuaded to give a sign that his mother's killers should be killed. The child king gave his consent, it is thought more from fear than anything else, and Agathocles along with several of his supporters were killed by the Alexandrian mob.[4] War with the Seleucid Empire and MacedoniaAntiochus III the Great and Philip V of Macedon made a pact to divide the Ptolemaic possessions overseas. Philip seized several islands and populated places in Caria and Thrace, whilst the Battle of Panium (198 BC) definitively transferred Coele-Syria, including Judea, from the Ptolemies to the Seleucids. Antiochus then concluded peace, giving his own daughter Cleopatra I to Epiphanes in marriage (193–192 BC). Nevertheless, when war broke out between Antiochus and Rome, Egypt ranged itself with the latter power. Epiphanes came of age in approximately 196 or 197 BC with a ceremony known as an anacleteria, which was described in Polybius' Histories.[5] Polybius writes that Ptolemy's courtiers "thought that the kingdom would gain a certain degree of firmness and a fresh impulse towards prosperity, if it were known that the king had assumed the independent direction of the government." [6] In manhood, Epiphanes was a passionate sportsman; he excelled in athletic exercises and the chase. The Egyptian RevoltGreat cruelty and treachery were shown in the suppression of the native rebellion, and some accounts represent Epiphanes as personally tyrannical. In 197 BC, Lycopolis was held by the forces of Ankhmakis (also known as Chaonnophris), the secessionist pharaoh of Upper Egypt, but he was forced to withdraw to Thebes. The war between Upper and Lower Egypt continued until 185 BC with the arrest of Ankhmakis by Ptolemaic general Conanus. This victory re-established Ptolemaic rule in Upper Egypt, as well as the Triakontaschoinos. In 183 BC/184 BC, the rebels in Lower Egypt surrendered on the basis of terms that Epiphanes had personally promised to honor. However, showing himself treacherous and vindictive, he had them put to death in a cruel manner.[4] The Memphis Decree, published in three languages on the Rosetta Stone and other stelae, announced the rule and ascension to godhood of Ptolemy V, and contained concessions to the priesthood, and has been termed a reward for the priests' support.[7] Succession{{Hiero|Ptolemy|The elder of Ptolemy V's two sons, Ptolemy VI Philometor (181–145 BC), succeeded as an infant under the regency of his mother Cleopatra the Syrian. Her death was followed by a rupture between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid courts, on the old question of Coele-Syria. LegacyPtolemy V's reign was also marked by trade with other contemporaneous polities. In the 1930s, excavations by Mattingly at a fortress close to Port Dunford (the likely Nikon of antiquity) in present-day southern Somalia yielded a number of Ptolemaic coins. Among these pieces were 17 copper mints from the Ptolemy III to Ptolemy V dynasties, as well as late Imperial Rome and Mamluk Sultanate coins.[8] Notes1. ^Clayton (2006) p. 208. 2. ^{{Ptolemy}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/articles/person/ptolemy-v-epiphanes/?|title=Ptolemy V Epiphanes|work=Livius.org}} 4. ^1 Bevan, Chapter 8. 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=5z_vUPABapoC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Anacleteria&source=bl&ots=IQXQ9b2snP&sig=dnznDzwKaMxw4rBqrzypmqHooCo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjepuHK4PnRAhVs9IMKHUYgAVwQ6AEIMjAE#v=onepage&q=Anacleteria&f=false|title=Selected Papers: Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography|last=Walbank|first=Frank W.|date=2010-08-26|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521136808|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0234:book=18:chapter=55|title=Polybius, Histories, book 18, Anacleteria of Ptolemy Epiphanes|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date=2017-02-05}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/about/transcripts/episode33//|title=History of the World in 100 Objects:Rosetta Stone|author=British Museum|publisher=BBC}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Hildegard Temporini (ed.)|title=Politische Geschichte: (Provinzien und Randvölker: Mesopotamien, Armenien, Iran, Südarabien, Rom und der Ferne Osten)], Part 2, Volume 9|date=1978|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=3110071754|page=977|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=Ig0_4HeMh-AC|accessdate=1 November 2014}} References{{Reflist}}Bibliography
External links
|regent1=Cleopatra I}}{{s-aft|after=Cleopatra I and Ptolemy VI Philometor}}{{s-end}}{{Hellenistic rulers}}{{Pharaohs}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ptolemy 05}} 10 : 3rd-century BC Pharaohs|2nd-century BC Pharaohs|Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty|Ancient child rulers|2nd-century BC rulers|3rd-century BC rulers|210 BC births|181 BC deaths|3rd-century BC Egyptian people|2nd-century BC Egyptian people |
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