| 词条 | Du (cuneiform) |
| 释义 |
The cuneiform du sign, also kup, and sumerograms DU and GUB, is a common-use sign of the Epic of Gilgamesh, the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. In the Akkadian language for forming words, it can be used syllabically for: du, or kup (and ku, up); also alphabetically for letters d, u, k, or p. (All the four vowels in Akkadian are interchangeable for forming words (a, e, i, u), thus the many choices of scribes is apparent for composing actual 'dictionary-entry' words.) It is also true in the Akkadian language, that some consonants are paired (k/g, k/q), thus the relationship between kup, and sumerogram GUB is explained (k/G). For the sumerogram GUB, GUB in the Akkadian language becomes uzuzzu, English language for "to stand", or "to be present"; in the Epic of Gilgamesh, GUB is only used (2)-times for uzuzzu,[2] and is used elsewhere in the Tablets I-XII (chapters), (15)-times. Epic of Gilgamesh usageThe usage numbers for du in the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows:[3] du-(148) times, kup-(1), and DU-(17) times. References1. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 367, A Hymn to the Pharaoh, p. 365. 2. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, uzuzzu, p. 122. 3. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign No. 206, du, p. 159. 4. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992, The Amarna Letters, letter EA 365, Furnishing Corvée Workers, p. 363 5. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 147, A Hymn to the Pharaoh, pp. 233-235. 6. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8) 7. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 068, p. 156. 8. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, pp. 55-87, p. 24. 9. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, EA 365, Biridiya of Megiddo to the King, pp. 24-27. 10. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, aššum, p. 122. 11. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, saparu, pp. 55-87, p. 81. 12. ^Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. 13. ^Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. 14. ^Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite, Sign List, page 194, page 200.
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}} 3 : Sumerian words and phrases|Akkadian language|Cuneiform signs, Amarna letters |
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