| 词条 | Publilius Syrus |
| 释义 |
}} Publilius Syrus (fl. 85–43 BC[1]), was a Latin writer, best known for his sententiae. He was a Syrian who was brought as a slave to Roman Italy. By his wit and talent, Syrus won the favour of his master, who granted him manumission and educated him. He became a member of the Publilia gens. Publilius' name, due to thepalatalization of 'l' between two 'i's in the Early Middle Ages, is often presented by manuscripts (and some printed editions) in corrupt form as 'Publius'. Publius being a very common Roman praenomen. WorkHis mimes, in which he acted, had a great success in the provincial towns of Italy and at the games given by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. Publilius was perhaps even more famous as an improviser. He received from Julius Caesar himself the prize in a contest, in which Syrus vanquished all his competitors, including the celebrated Decimus Laberius. All that remains of his corpus is a collection of Sententiae, a series of moral maxims in iambic and trochaic verse. This collection must have been made at a very early date, since it was known to Aulus Gellius in the 2nd century AD. Each maxim consists of a single verse, and the verses are arranged in alphabetical order according to their initial letters. In the course of time the collection was interpolated with sentences drawn from other writers, especially from apocryphal writings of Seneca the Younger. The number of genuine verses is about 700. They include many pithy sayings, such as the famous "iudex damnatur ubi nocens absolvitur" ("The judge is condemned when the guilty is acquitted"), which was adopted as its motto by the Edinburgh Review. TextsAs of 1911, the best texts of the Sentences were those of Eduard Wölfflin (1869), A. Spengel (1874), and Wilhelm Meyer (1880), with complete critical apparatus and index verborum; editions with notes by O. Friedrich (1880), R. A. H. Bickford-Smith (1895), with full bibliography; see also W. Meyer, Die Sammlungen der Spruchverse des Publilius Syrus (1877), an important work. InfluenceSeneca the Younger strived to develop a "sententious style" like Publilius throughout his life.[2] He quotes Syrus in his Moral Epistles to Lucilius in the eighth moral letter, "On the Philosopher's Seclusion"[3] and the ninety-fourth, "On the Value of Advice".[4]William Shakespeare in the first scene of the fifth act of Much Ado About Nothing, has Don Pedro proverbially say: "if she did not hate him deadly, she would love him dearly."[5] W.L. Rushton argues that this is derived from John Lyly's Euphues. If Shakespeare had not taken this from Lyly, then he and Lyly both derived this expression from Publilius.[6]The Muddy Waters song Rollin' Stone (1950) was named after a proverbial maxim of Publilius: "A rolling stone gathers no moss" ({{lang-la|Saxum volutum non obducitur musco}}).[7] The phrase is also given as "Musco lapis volutus haud obducitur", and in some cases as "Musco lapis volutus haud obvolvitur".[8] The music band The Rolling Stones in turn was named after Muddy Waters' song. References1. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=_QQSAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Moral Sayings of Publius Syrus, a Roman Slave: From the Latin] trans. D. Lyman. Sketch of the Life of Syrus, page x 2. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/4341636| jstor = 4341636| title = "Seneca" in the Middle Ages| journal = The Classical Weekly| volume = 36| issue = 13| pages = 151| year = 1943| last1 = Heller | first1 = J. L.}} 3. ^Moral letters to Lucilius/Letter 8 4. ^Moral letters to Lucilius/Letter 94 5. ^Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare)#Scene 1. Before LEONATO.27S House. 6. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/2914181| jstor = 2914181| title = Much Ado About Nothing (V. I. 178)| journal = Modern Language Notes| volume = 40| issue = 3| pages = 186| year = 1925| last1 = Tilley | first1 = M. T.}} 7. ^Adagia, Erasmus, at Bibliotheca Augustana. 8. ^Jerónimo Martín Caro y Cejudo, Refranes, y modos de hablar castellanos (1792), p. 288 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb6poo3kHTMC&dq=Musco%20lapis%20volutus%20haud%20obducitur&pg=RA2-PA288#v=onepage&q=Musco%20lapis%20volutus%20haud%20obducitur&f=false] Sources
External links{{wikiquote}}
16 : 80s BC births|43 BC deaths|1st-century BC Romans|1st-century BC writers|Ancient Roman actors|Ancient Roman comic dramatists|Ancient Roman writers|Golden Age Latin writers|Latin-language writers|Mimes|People of Roman Syria|Publilii|Republican era slaves and freedmen|Syrian dramatists and playwrights|Syrian male actors|Syrian writers |
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