| 词条 | Pulvinar nuclei | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| Name = pulvinar nuclei | Latin = nuclei pulvinares (the nuclei plurally); pulvinar thalami (the set of nuclei singularly) | Image = Gray719.png | Caption = Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. (Pulvinar visible near top.) | Image2 = ThalamicNuclei.svg | Caption2 = Thalamic nuclei: MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventral lateral nucleus VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus LNG = Lateral nuclear group PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus MG = Medial geniculate nucleus | IsPartOf =thalamus | Components = | Artery = | Vein = }} The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei (cell bodies of neurons) located in the thalamus (a part of the vertebrate brain). As a group they make up the collection called the pulvinar of the thalamus (pulvinar thalami), usually just called the pulvinar. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates. StructureBy convention, the pulvinar is divided into four nuclei:
Their connectomic details are as follows:
Clinical significanceLesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.[6] In addition, lesions in early life can impact normal visuomotor behaviors such as reaching and grasping.[7] Furthermore, the pulvinar was demonstrated to be instrumental in the preservation of vision afforded to a boy who lost his primary visual cortex bilaterally at birth.[8] Other animalsThe pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei.[9] Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).[10][11][12] Etymology and pronunciationThe word pulvinar ({{IPAc-en|p|ʌ|l|ˈ|v|aɪ|n|ər}}) comes to scientific English vocabulary via New Latin from classical Latin pulvinus, "cushion". In the religion of ancient Rome, a pulvinar was an empty throne, a cushioned couch for occupation by a deity.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} Like the cervix uteri is usually just called the cervix (with "which cervix" being implicit), the pulvinar thalami (pulvinar of the thalamus) is usually just called the pulvinar; no other anatomic structure in today's Terminologia Anatomica is called a pulvinar,[13] although in older terminology a part of the glomus body was called the pulvinar tunicae internae segmenti arterialis anastomosis arteriovenae glomeriformis.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} Each pulvinar nucleus (nucleus pulvinaris) has its own set of cortical connections. References1. ^{{cite journal |author1=Cappe C. |author2=Morel A. |author3=Barone P. |author4=Rouiller E.M. | year = 2009 | title = The thalamocortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for multisensory and sensorimotor interplay | journal = Cerebral Cortex | volume = 19 | issue = 9| pages = 2025–2037 | doi=10.1093/cercor/bhn228 | pmid=19150924 | pmc=2722423}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author1=Berman R. |author2=Wurtz R. | year = 2011 | title = Signals conveyed in the pulvinar pathway from superior colliculus to cortical area mt | url = | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 31 | issue = 2| pages = 373–384 | doi=10.1523/jneurosci.4738-10.2011 | pmid=21228149}} 3. ^{{cite journal |author1=Robinson D. |author2=Petersen S. | year = 1985 | title = Responses of pulvinar neurons to real and self-induced stimulus movement | url = | journal = Brain Research | volume = 338 | issue = 2| pages = 392–394 | doi=10.1016/0006-8993(85)90176-3}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author1=Petersen S. |author2=Robinson D. |author3=Morris J. | year = 1987 | title = Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention | url = | journal = Neuropsychologia | volume = 25 | issue = 1| pages = 97–105 | doi=10.1016/0028-3932(87)90046-7}} 5. ^Chalupa, L. (1991). Visual function of the pulvinar. The Neural Basis of Visual Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 140-159. 6. ^{{cite journal |author1=Arend I. |author2=Rafal R. |author3=Ward R. | year = 2008 | title = Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions | url = | journal = Brain | volume = 131 | issue = 8| pages = 2140–2152 | doi=10.1093/brain/awn135 | pmid=18669494}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Mundinano |first1=Inaki |title=Transient visual pathway critical for normal development of primate grasping behavior. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1364–1369 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1717016115 |pmid=29298912|pmc=5819431 |year=2018 }} 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Mundinano |first1=IC |last2=Chen |first2=J |last3=de Souza |first3=M |last4=Sarossy |first4=MG |last5=Joanisse |first5=MF |last6=Goodale |first6=MA |last7=Bourne |first7=JA |title=More than blindsight: Case report of a child with extraordinary visual capacity following perinatal bilateral occipital lobe injury. |journal=Neuropsychologia |date=2017 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.017 |pmid=29146465}} 9. ^LaBerge, D. (1999). Attention pp. 44-98. In Cognitive science (Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition), Bly BM, Rumelhart DE. (edits). Academic Press {{ISBN|978-0-12-601730-4}} p. 73 10. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Warner CE, Kwan WC, Bourne JA | title = The early maturation of visual cortical area MT is dependent on input from the retinorecipient medial portion of the inferior pulvinar | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 32 | issue = 48 | pages = 17073–17085 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23197701 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3269-12.2012}} 11. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Warner CE, Goldshmit Y, Bourne JA | title = Retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei | journal = Front Neuroanat | volume = 4 | pages = 8 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20179789 | doi = 10.3389/neuro.05.008.2010 | pmc=2826187}} 12. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Warner CE, Kwan WC, Wright D, Johnston LA, Egan GF, Bourne JA | title = Preservation of vision by the pulvinar following early-life primary visual cortex lesions | journal = Curr Biol | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 424–434 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25601551 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.028}} 13. ^{{Citation |last=Baud |first=RH |display-authors=etal |title=Latin index of TA98, Terminologia Anatomica version 1998 |work=Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), hosted by the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) |url=https://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Alpha/All%20KWIC%20W%20LA.htm }} Additional imagesExternal links
1 : Pulvinar nuclei |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。