| 词条 | Punctuality |
| 释义 |
Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.[1] "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on time". It is also acceptable that punctual can also, be related to talking about grammar, means "to be accurate".{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} An opposite personality trait is tardiness. According to each culture, there is often an understanding about what is considered an acceptable degree of punctuality.[2] Usually, a small amount of lateness is acceptable; this is commonly about ten or fifteen minutes in Western cultures, but this is not the case in such instances as doctor's appointments or school lessons.[3] In some cultures, such as Japanese society, and settings, such as military ones, expectations may be much stricter.{{cn|date=August 2017}} Some cultures have an unspoken understanding that actual deadlines are different from stated deadlines, for example with Africa time. For example, it may be understood in a particular culture that people will turn up an hour later than advertised.[4] In this case, since everyone understands that a 9 pm party will actually start at around 10 pm, no-one is inconvenienced when everyone arrives at 10 pm.[5] In cultures which value punctuality, being late is seen as disrespectful of others' time and may be considered insulting.[6] In such cases, punctuality may be enforced by social penalties, for example by excluding low-status latecomers from meetings entirely. Such considerations can lead on to considering the value of punctuality in econometrics and to considering the effects of non-punctuality on others in queueing theory.of English See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/punctual |title=Punctual - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=2012-08-31 |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/11/travel/tr-insider11 |title=Punctuality: Some cultures are wound tighter than others - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |date=1994-12-30 |accessdate=2014-02-01 |first=Jane |last=Engle}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/germans-and-punctuality/a-16430264 |title=Germans and punctuality | All about those Germans | DW.DE | 09.12.2012 |publisher=DW.DE |date= |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=White |first=Lawrence T. |url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/culture-conscious/201202/is-punctuality-standard-oxymoron |title=Is "Punctuality Standard" an Oxymoron? |publisher=Psychology Today |date=2012-02-23 |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3211923.stm |title=Africa | Can Africa keep time? |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-28 |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/788640.shtml |title=Time for Africa to abandon tardy culture to avoid punctuality problems - OP-ED |publisher=Globaltimes.cn |date=2013-06-13 |accessdate=2014-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113154030/http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/788640.shtml |archivedate=2014-11-13 |df= }} External links{{wiktionary}}
4 : Time management|Queueing theory|Game theory|Etiquette |
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