| 词条 | Punding |
| 释义 |
Punding activity is characterized by compulsive fascination with and performance of repetitive, mechanical tasks, such as assembling and disassembling, collecting, or sorting household objects. For example, punding may consist of activities such as:
People engaging in punding find immersion in such activities comforting, even when it serves no purpose, and generally find it very frustrating to be diverted from them. They are not generally aware that there is a compulsive element, but will continue even when they have good reason to stop. Rylander describes a burglar who started punding and could not stop, even though he was suffering from an increasing apprehension of being caught.[4] Interrupting can lead to various responses, including violent rage.[5] Dopamine overactivity results in punding. It is commonly associated with side effects of drugs used against Parkinson's disease and with the use of methamphetamine. In Parkinson's, punding can be alleviated by lowering the medication dose or adding (atypical) antipsychotics, which act by counteracting the effect of dopamine. Punding is also similar to behaviors associated with autism. Punding as a drug-induced behaviour is similar to that observed in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Many disorders can be precipitated by drug use and tend to dissipate following cessation of drug use, although some disorders may affect the consciousness longer, depending on duration and frequency of drug use, as such behaviours can become embedded in the psyche if repeatedly performed. See also
Notes1. ^{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T_nBAAAAIAAJ&dq=Sjoqvist+and+Tottie%2C+%22Abuse+of+Central+Stimulants%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Punding|title=Clinical and Medico-criminological aspects of addiction to Central Stimulating Drugs|work=Abuse of central stimulants: Symposium arranged by the Swedish Committee on International Health Relations, Stockholm, November 25–27, 1968|editor1=Folke Sjöqvist |editor2=Malcolm Tottie |publisher=Almqvist & Wiksell|date=1969|page=257}} 2. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 15077237 | doi=10.1002/mds.20045 | volume=19 | title=Punding in Parkinson's disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome | date=April 2004 |author1=Evans AH |author2=Katzenschlager R |author3=Paviour D | journal=Mov. Disord. | pages=397–405|display-authors=etal}} 3. ^{{cite journal | pmc = 2735437 | pmid=19720785 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60497-7 | volume=84 | title=Drug-induced compulsive behaviors: exceptions to the rule | year=2009 | journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. | pages=846–7; author reply 847 |vauthors=Graham NA, Hammond CJ, Gold MS }} 4. ^{{Cite book|page=104|title=The Speed Culture: Amphetamine Use and Abuse in America|series=Harvard Paperbacks Series|author1=Lester Grinspoon |author2=Peter Hedblom |publisher=Harvard University Press|date=1975|isbn=9780674831926}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=The Amphetamine Debate: The Use of Adderall, Ritalin and Related Drugs for Behavior Modification, Neuroenhancement and Anti-Aging Purposes|series=McFarland health topics|volume=10|author=Elaine A. Moore|publisher=McFarland|date=2010|isbn=9780786480128|page=186}} 2 : Addiction psychiatry|Medical signs |
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