“Earthquake rotational loading”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

One of the challenges in structural engineering is defining reliable and accurate loading patterns for design of earthquake-resistant structures based on the all components of the seismic motions-three translational and three rotational. From earthquake engineering approach, it is usually assumed that the rotational components of strong ground motions are induced due to the spatial variation of the seismic waves and, consequently, these components are estimated in terms of corresponding translational components.^[3] When the earthquake shaking can be specified at a single point, the rotational loading of structures can be performed by point rotation, which corresponds with gradient of a point on the ground surface. Most investigations on the earthquake rotational loading, by considering the effects of point rotation on the behavior of structures have shown that the rotational components based on their frequency content can severely change dynamic behavior of structures, which are sensitive to the high-frequency motions, such as secondary systems, historical monuments, nuclear reactors, tall asymmetric buildings or irregular frames, slender tower shape structures, bridges, vertically irregular structures, and even the ordinary multi-story buildings.^[4] The contribution of the rotational components to the seismic response of the structures supported on the rigid mat foundation can even be amplified if the effects of the kinematic and dynamic soil structure interaction are considered in structural loading and modeling.^[5] In a recent study, the combined action of the rotational loading and multi-support excitation on the seismic behavior of short-span bridges was investigated. The numerical results suggested that depending on the structure properties and excitation characteristics, rotational components decrease the beneficial effects of multi-support excitation on the structure response. ^[6]

In spite of the fact that the rotational components may significantly affect the seismic behavior of structures, their influence is not currently considered in the most of modern design codes,^[7] which the main reasons of this ignorance may be attributed to: (1) lack of the recorded data on the rotational accelerations and difficulty in presenting a quantitative assessment of the rotational acceleration components for given translational components, and (2) complexity in derivation of simplified seismic loading patterns for structures subjected to the rotational excitations.^[8] To better understand the effects of the rotational components on the seismic behavior of structures, recently, new seismic intensity parameters were proposed to evaluate the contribution of the rotational components to the structural response.^[9]

References

1. ^N. M. Newmark, Torsion in symmetrical building, Proc. 4th world conf. earthquake eng. Santiago, Chile 2, A.3 (1969) 19-32.
2. ^M. R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Approximate formulas for rotational effects in earthquake engineering, Journal of Seismology, Vol.16 (2012) 815-827.
3. ^M. R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, Simplified relations for the application of rotational components to seismic design codes, Engineering Structures, Vol.59 (2014) 141-152.
4. ^M. D. Trifunac, The role of strong motion rotations in the response of structures near earthquake faults, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.29 (2009) 382-393.
5. ^J. E. Luco, H. L. Wong, Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol.14 (1986) 891–908.
6. ^M. R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, A. Zerva, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mean absolute input energy for in-plane vibrations of multiple-support structures subjected to horizontal and rocking components, Journal of Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 45 (2016) 87-101.
7. ^Z. Zembaty., Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode 8, part 6, for slender tower-shaped structures, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 99 (2009) 1483-1485.
8. ^M. R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Rotational components in structural loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 75 (2015) 220-233.
9. ^M. R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, A. Zerva, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Revised seismic intensity parameters for middle-field horizontal and rocking strong ground motions, Journal of Structural Engineering (2016), DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001646.