| 词条 | East Bay Walls |
| 释义 |
East Bay Walls, also known as the Berkeley Mystery Walls, is a misnomer, as there are many such crude walls throughout the hills surrounding the San Francisco Bay Area. In places, they are up to a meter high and a meter wide and are built without mortar;[1] the walls run in sections anywhere from a few meters to over a half mile long. The rocks used to construct the walls are a variety of sizes. Some are basketball-sized rocks, while others are large sandstone boulders weighing a ton or more. Parts of the wall seem to be just piles of rocks, but in other places it appears the walls were carefully constructed. The exact age of the walls is unknown, but they have an old appearance. Many of the formations have sunk far into the earth, and are often completely overgrown with different plants.{{cn|date=January 2019}} PurposeThe walls are not continuous and are composed of multiple sections, so they are not fences. They are not tall enough to have been used as defensive barriers.{{cn|date=January 2019}} The East Bay Regional Park District simply calls them "rock walls" and notes that they are not mysterious. Livestock, such as cattle, have grazed in the east and south Bay Area hills since the arrival of European settlers. Clearing land of scattered rocks would have eased the ability to move livestock. Placing the rocks into walls would have helped to guide the movement of the animals or to help corral them.[1] OriginNo written documentation exists to identify when they were built, by whom, or why.[2] Some people considered the Ohlone Indians to have been the builders, although they were hunter-gatherers and are not known to have built permanent structures.{{cn|date=January 2019}} Recent testing of lichen on the rocks suggests that they were probably built between 1850 and 1880, the early American era in California.[2] Settlers might have built the walls using Chinese, Mexican, or Native American laborers, although specifically who built them has not been determined.[2][1] LocationsThe stone walls are accessible in several area parks, including Ed R. Levin County Park [3] in Santa Clara County and Mission Peak Regional Preserve [4] in Alameda County, as well as many other parks. Archaeological sitesAs of 2016, archaeologist Jeffrey Fentress is measuring and mapping the walls to eventually gain protection from development or other destruction.[2] Additional stone walls with unclear origin or purpose occur in other places near the San Francisco Bay, and researchers continue to discover more information about the walls.[5] References1. ^1 {{cite web | url =http://www.mercurynews.com/2015/11/23/bay-area-facts-berkeley-mystery-walls-origins-not-so-off-the-wall/ | title = Bay Area facts: Berkeley Mystery Walls’ origins not so off-the-wall | publisher=Bay Area News Group | date = 12 August 2016 | newspaper = San Jose Mercury News | access-date = 17 September 2016 | quote = It turns out, they’re not much of a mystery, according to Beverly Ortiz, cultural services coordinator with the East Bay Regional Park District.}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.newser.com/story/230029/the-east-bay-walls-continue-to-confound.html|access-date = 17 September 2016| date = 27 August 2016| publisher=Newser| title = The 'East Bay Walls' Continue to Confound| last =Hervieux| first = Linda| quote = San Francisco archeologist says there is much to learn from mysterious rock walls}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tommangan.net/twoheeldrive/index.php/2007/07/17/stone-walls-at-ed-levin-county-park/|date=2007-07-11|accessdate=2013-04-23|title=Stone walls at Ed Levin County Park}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://wakinguponturtleisland.blogspot.com/2010/10/daves-comment-east-bay-walls-of-ca-ct.html|date=2010-10-04|accessdate=2013-04-23|title=East Bay Walls of CA }} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ptreyeslight.com/article/mystery-rocks-draw-scholarly-investigation | title = Mystery rocks draw scholarly investigation| website=Pt. Reyes Light | access-date = 17 September 2016 | date = 24 July 2014 | first=Samantha | last=Kimmey | quote = Historical research ...conducted by Mr. Wing and his two students ... indicates [the wall] was created during the 19th century ranching era.}} 2 : Archaeological sites in California|History of the San Francisco Bay Area |
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