“Puntarenas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Puntarenas ({{IPA-es|puntaˈɾenas}}; is the capital and largest city in the Province of Puntarenas, on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica.

Etymology

The Puntarenas name comes from the portmanteau of Punta and Arenas, which means Point and Sands, respectively. Therefore, in English the name would mean "Sand Point". The name is first referenced by the arrival in February 1720 of the pirate Chipperton to the area, which recorded in his journals to have arrived to a "Punta de Arena", referring to the needle-like area on which the city stands today.^[1] The name is also given to the oddly shaped province of Puntarenas, which as the most extensive province in the country, has its largest section in the South, far from Puntarenas city.

Overview

There are some 100.000 inhabitants in the town and surrounding neighborhoods.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Its Pacific Ocean beaches attract many tourists, especially surfers. It is also a possible stopover point for the tourist destination Monteverde, to the northwest.

Its port, Caldera, is one of the main ports, and the oldest, port in the country. There is a regular scheduled ferries to and from Puntarenas and the Nicoya Peninsula.^[2]

History

Puntarenas was discovered by Gil González Dávila in 1522. Despite the use of the Gulf of Nicoya as an entryway to Costa Rica's inland territory, the port of Puntarenas was not developed until 1840 when coffee production in the highlands reached exportable volumes. In 1845 the Congress of the Republic declared Puntarenas a duty-free port (with the exception of Cognac and hard liquor). Originally, the coffee was brought to port in oxcarts via a trail through the mountains. In 1859, a stretch of railway track was completed between Puntarenas and the town of Esparza (one of the country's earliest Spanish settlements, founded in 1574). Eventually, the railway was built all the way through to San José and service was inaugurated in 1910.

With the railway connection to the Central Valley, the Pacific port's activities continued to be a major part of the region's economy throughout the 20th century. However, due to the aging and deterioration of the port facilities and the need to accommodate the much larger vessels of modern shipping fleets, a new port was constructed in the 1980s to the south of Puntarenas. The site chosen was Caldera (located at {{Coord|9.9108438|N|84.7194761|W|region:CR_type:city}}), where ships had anchored during colonial times. Caldera was more appropriate site for larger ships, and actually was the first port site used since 1522.

Sports

The city's major football teams are Second Division sides Puntarenas F.C., who have played many season at the highest level, and Jacó Rays.

Climate

Puntarenas is generally hotter than the Costa Rican Central Valley, with daytime highs ranging from {{convert|30|to|35|C|F}} in the coldest/hottest months, respectively.^[3]

{{Weather box
|location = Puntarenas
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan high C= 33.5
|Feb high C= 34.4
|Mar high C= 34.0
|Apr high C= 34.6
|May high C= 33.1
|Jun high C= 32.2
|Jul high C= 32.2
|Aug high C= 32.2
|Sep high C= 31.9
|Oct high C= 31.6
|Nov high C= 31.8
|Dec high C= 32.0
|year high C=
|Jan mean C= 27.6
|Feb mean C= 28.3
|Mar mean C= 28.5
|Apr mean C= 29.2
|May mean C= 28.6
|Jun mean C= 27.9
|Jul mean C= 27.7
|Aug mean C= 27.7
|Sep mean C= 27.5
|Oct mean C= 27.4
|Nov mean C= 27.3
|Dec mean C= 27.1
|year mean C=
|Jan low C= 21.7
|Feb low C= 22.2
|Mar low C= 22.9
|Apr low C= 23.7
|May low C= 24.1
|Jun low C= 23.6
|Jul low C= 23.2
|Aug low C= 23.1
|Sep low C= 23.1
|Oct low C= 23.2
|Nov low C= 22.8
|Dec low C= 22.1
|year low C=
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 5.5
|Feb rain mm = 4.1
|Mar rain mm = 4.9
|Apr rain mm = 30.3
|May rain mm = 204.1
|Jun rain mm = 217.3
|Jul rain mm = 175.7
|Aug rain mm = 223.1
|Sep rain mm = 296.1
|Oct rain mm = 279.1
|Nov rain mm = 132.0
|Dec rain mm = 27.7
|unit rain days =
|Jan rain days= 1.8
|Feb rain days= 1.9
|Mar rain days= 2.9
|Apr rain days= 7.8
|May rain days= 19.1
|Jun rain days= 21.0
|Jul rain days= 18.0
|Aug rain days= 21.8
|Sep rain days= 24.3
|Oct rain days= 24.5
|Nov rain days= 14.7
|Dec rain days= 5.7
|Jan sun= 263.5
|Feb sun= 254.3
|Mar sun= 282.1
|Apr sun= 255.0
|May sun= 201.5
|Jun sun= 156.0
|Jul sun= 164.3
|Aug sun= 170.5
|Sep sun= 159.0
|Oct sun= 167.4
|Nov sun= 183.0
|Dec sun= 232.5
|year sun=
|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization^[4]
|source 2 = Hong Kong Observatory^[5]
|date = August 2012}}

References