“Puntius”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Many species formerly placed in Puntius have been moved to other genera such as Barbodes, Dawkinsia, Desmopuntius, Haludaria, Oliotius, Pethia, Puntigrus, Sahyadria and Systomus.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Etymology

Range

Fishes of the genus Puntius are found in South Asia (west to Pakistan and south to Sri Lanka) and Mainland Southeast Asia, with a single species, P. snyderi, in Taiwan.^[1]^[2] The greatest species richness is in India.^[1]

Description

The maximum size for an adult of this genus is {{convert|25|cm|in|abbr=on|0}}, but most species reach {{convert|7|-|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} and some species do not surpass {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on|0}}.^[1] In appearance they may resemble miniature carp and are sometimes brightly coloured or patterned.^[1]

Behavior

These fishes are omnivorous; their diet includes small invertebrates and plant matter. Breeding is by egg scattering and takes place close to the bottom, near or within areas of dense plant growth. They do not show parental care and adults may eat the young.

Taxonomy

Historically, many species of Puntius have been classified in several genera, including Barbus. Despite the reclassifications, the specific epithet remains the same in these – except in cases of homonymies – as Barbus and Puntius have the same grammatical gender. The closest living relatives of the spotted barbs are the genus Cyprinion and perhaps the genus Capoeta. These and the other "typical" barbs and barbels were formerly often separated as subfamily Barbinae, but this group is highly paraphyletic with regard to the Cyprininae and better merged there at least for the largest part (including Puntius). In particular the genus Barbonymus, containing the tinfoil barb and its relatives – for some time included in Puntius – appears to be a kind of carp that has evolved convergently with barbs.

Species

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{FishBase_genus | genus = Puntius | month = June | year = 2016 }}
2. ^¹Kottelat, M. (2013): The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106232024/http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/Raffles%20Bulletin%20of%20Zoology/Supplements/Supplement%2027/rbz_S27.pdf |date=2015-01-06 }} Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 27: 1–663.
3. ^Pethiyagoda, R., Meegaskumbura, M. & Maduwage, K. (2012): A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 69–95.
4. ^Raghavan, R., Philip, S., Ali, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2013): Sahyadria, a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (15): 4932–4938.
5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Plamoottil|first1=Mathews|title=Puntius dolichopterus, a new fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kerala, India|journal=International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology|date=2015|volume=3|issue=3|pages=226–231|url=http://www.ijpaz.com/zoology/puntius-dolichopterus-a-new-fish-species-cypriniformes-cyprinidae-from-kerala-india.pdf|accessdate=15 January 2017|publisher=Rishan Publications|format=PDF|issn=2320-9585}}
6. ^Krishna Kumar, K., Benno Pereira, F.G. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2012): Puntius madhusoodani (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of barb from Manimala River, Kerala, South India. Biosystematica, 5 (2): 31-37.
7. ^Plamoottil, M. (2014): Puntius nelsoni, Systomus chryseus and S. rufus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), three new fish species from Kerala, India. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1 (6): 135–145.
8. ^Plamoottil, M. (2014): Puntius nigronotus, a new fish species (Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae) from Kerala, India. Journal of Research in Biology, 4 (8): 1581–1588.
9. ^Plamoottil, M. & Abraham, N.P. (2014): Puntius viridis (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Journal of Research in Biology, 3 (7): 1093–1104.