| 词条 | Purley station rail crash |
| 释义 |
| name = Purley station rail crash | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | image_map = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = | alternative_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = | qid = | mapframe_zoom = | coordinates = | date = 4 March 1989 | time = 13:39 | location = Purley | location_dir = | location_city = | location_dist_km = | location_dist_mi = | country = England | line = Brighton Main Line | operator = Network SouthEast | owner = | service = | type = | cause = Signal passed at danger | bus = | trains = 2 | vehicles = | passengers = | crew = | pedestrians = | deaths = 5 | injuries = 88 | damage = | property = | route_map = | route_map_state = | route_map_name = | footnotes = List of UK rail accidents by year }} The Purley station rail crash was a train collision that occurred just to the north of Purley railway station in the London Borough of Croydon on Saturday 4 March 1989, leaving five dead and 88 injured. The collision was caused by the driver of one of the trains passing a signal at danger and he pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to 12 months in prison plus 6 months suspended, although this was reduced to four months upon appeal, and in 2007 overturned. The Ministry of Transport report noted that the signal had a high incidence of being passed at danger and recommended that an automatic train protection system should be introduced without delay and in the interim a repeater for the signal that had been passed be installed. CollisionOn 4 March 1989 the 12:50 Horsham to London Victoria, consisting of a four-car class 423 electric multiple unit 3441, stopped at Purley railway station. As it left the station, it crossed from the slow line to the fast line as scheduled and at 13:39 was struck from behind by the following 12:17 Littlehampton to London Victoria, comprising four-car class 421 units 1280 and 1285.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|pp=1, 3}}[1] The first six coaches of the Littlehampton train left the track and came off the embankment, killing 5 passengers and injuring 88.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=1}} AftermathAs the accident was in London, the first calls to the emergency services came from members of the public.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=9}} The driver of a light engine running on an adjacent track saw the collision and contacted the signalbox. The signalling equipment had been damaged in the collision and alarms had been raised in the box. The signalmen in the box spoke to railway control at Waterloo, but due to confusion about the location of the trains, police in East Sussex were first contacted. The collision had tripped circuit breakers controlling the DC traction current but safety could not be assured as the supervisory circuits had been damaged.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=10}} The incident was attended by British Transport Police, fire brigade and ambulance service, and a police helicopter was used to fly doctors to the site.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|pp=11–13}} Passengers that were able to walk were evacuated via Purley station and the last casualty was taken to hospital at about 15:15, although the search continued until 17:00.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=11}} The railway was closed until 6 March, although the damaged vehicles that lay on the embankment side were not all removed until 9 March. The crossover was replaced and normal operations restored on 27 March.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=1}} Trial, report and appealsBefore the Ministry of Transport report was published, Robert Morgan the driver of the Littlehampton train, pleaded guilty to manslaughter and sentenced to 12 months in prison plus 6 months suspended.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=20}} The report was published in 1989, and found no fault in the Littlehampton train or signalling system, concluded that the driver had failed to keep the train's speed under control, missing the preceding caution signal and passed the danger signal protecting the Horsham train.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=28}} The line is equipped with four aspect colour light signalling{{#tag:ref|The signal shows either red for danger, a single yellow light for caution – the next signal is danger, two yellow lights for caution – the next signal is caution and green for proceed.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|loc=diagram 2}}|group="note"}} and British Rail's Automatic Warning System (AWS).{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=2}} However, the report noted that the signal had a high incidence of being passed at danger{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=26}} – four drivers had previously passed the signal when at danger in the previous five years.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|pp=19–20}} The AWS in use gave the same warning for either of the caution signals and danger and was capable of being reset by a driver in a lapse of concentration.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|p=26}} The report recommended that an automatic train protection system should be introduced without delay and in the interim a repeater for the signal that had been passed be installed.{{sfn|Ministry of Transport|1989|pp=28–29}} Morgan's sentence was later cut to four months upon appeal, and on 12 December 2007 his conviction for manslaughter was overturned by the Court of Appeal, ruling the conviction unsafe as "something about the infrastructure of this particular junction was causing mistakes to be made" as new evidence showed that there had been four previous signals passed at danger at the same location in the five years before the rail crash.[2] LegacyA memorial garden was created at the station to commemorate the accident on platform 1.[3] References and notesNotes1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nsers.org/jan-dec-89.html |title=January 1989 to December 1989 |publisher=Network South East Railway Society |first=John P |last=McCrickard |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=26 June 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7140326.stm|title= Rail crash convictions overturned|work= BBC News|date= 12 December 2007|accessdate=14 September 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|first=Joanna|last=Till|title=Memorial to Purley train crash victims is now a fitting crash tribute|url=http://www.thisiscroydontoday.co.uk/news/Memorial-fitting-crash-tribute/article-3152807-detail/article.html|work=This is Croydon Today|date=2 February 2011|accessdate=25 March 2011}} ReferencesBibliography
Further reading
External links{{Wikinews|UK train driver cleared of manslaughter over 1989 rail collision}}
12 : Railway accidents and incidents in London|Transport in the London Borough of Croydon|History of the London Borough of Croydon|Railway accidents in 1989|1989 disasters in the United Kingdom|1989 in England|1989 in London|Railway accidents involving a disregarded signal|Accidents and incidents involving Network SouthEast|March 1989 events|Train collisions in the United Kingdom|Rail accidents caused by a driver's error |
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