| 词条 | Purus River |
| 释义 |
| name = Purus River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Purus.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Purus River | map = Purusrivermap.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Map of the Amazon Basin with the Purus River highlighted | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Brazil, Peru | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|2960|km|mi|abbr=on}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|8400|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Amazon River | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|3|41|35|S|61|28|12|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Purus River or Rio Purús is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America. Its drainage basin is {{convert|63166|km²|0|abbr=on}}, and the mean discharge is 8,400 m³/s. The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park as well as the Purús Province (and its conformed Purús District), one of the four provinces of Peru in the Ucayali Region. GeographyThe Purus River rises in Peru. It defines the boundary between Peru and Brazil in the centre of the state of Acre, then runs for a short distance along the boundary of the {{convert|231555|ha}} Santa Rosa do Purus National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2001 after it is joined by the Santa Rosa River. It then flows north east through Manoel Urbano[2] It runs through a continuous forest at the bottom of the great depression, lying between the Madeira River, which skirts the edge of the Brazilian sandstone plateau, and the Ucayali River, which hugs the base of the Andes.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} In the state of Amazonas the river runs through the {{convert|133637|ha}} Arapixi Extractive Reserve, created in 2006 and past the town of Boca do Acre at the end of the BR-317 highway.[3] Further down, it forms the west boundary of the {{convert|256000|ha}} Purus National Forest, created in 1988.[4] From the town of Pauini down to the town of Lábrea the river is bordered by the {{convert|604209|ha}} Médio Purus Extractive Reserve, created in 2008.[5] Below this it runs through the {{convert|197,986|ha}} Canutama Extractive Reserve along the stretch between the towns of Lábrea and Canutama.[6] In the lowest reaches the river flows through the {{convert|1008167|ha}} Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve, established in 2003, which holds a large part of its floodplain.[7] It enters the Amazon River west of the Madeira River, which it parallels as far south as the falls of the latter stream.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} William Chandless found its elevation above sea level to be only 107 feet (33 m) 590 miles (950 km) from its mouth. It is one of the most crooked streams in the world, and its length in a straight line is less than half of its length following its curves. It is practically only a drainage ditch for the half-submerged, lake-flooded district it crosses.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} Its width is very uniform for 1000 miles (1600 km) up, and for 800 miles (1300 km) its depth is never less than 45 feet (15 m).{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} BiodiversityThe Purús red howler (Alouatta puruensis) is a species of howler monkey native to Brazil, Peru and north of Bolivia.[8] Peckoltia brevis, a kind of catfish, is found in the middle and upper Amazon within the Purus river basin.[9][10]Most of the central and lower sections of the river flow through the Purus várzea ecoregion.[11] In the municipality of Tapauá, Amazonas, the river flows through the {{convert|233864|ha}} Abufari Biological Reserve, a strictly protected area.[12] Earthworks discoveryIn 2008, a previously unknown pre-Columbian civilization was discovered in the upper region of the river close to the Bolivian border. After much of the forest in the region was cleared for agricultural use, satellite pictures revealed the remains of large geometric earthworks.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G.D. |title=The Inland waters of Latin America |year=1979 |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ad770b/AD770B06.htm |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=92-5-000780-9 |chapter=Amazon River System |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021061745/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ad770b/AD770B06.htm |archivedate=8 November 2014 |deadurl=no}} 2. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|FLONA de Santa Rosa do Purus – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=FLONA de Santa Rosa do Purus|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5945|accessdate=2016-06-21}} 3. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Arapixi – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=RESEX Arapixi|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/877|accessdate=2016-09-08}} 4. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|FLONA do Purus – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=FLONA do Purus|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5112|accessdate=2016-09-08}} 5. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Médio Purus – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=RESEX Médio Purus|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/en/uc/4548|accessdate=2016-09-03}} 6. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|RESEX Canutama – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=RESEX Canutama|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/1575|accessdate=2016-09-02}} 7. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|RDS Piagaçu-Purus – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=RDS Piagaçu-Purus|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/5047|accessdate=2016-08-20}} 8. ^{{IUCN2011.2 |assessor=Boubli, J.-P. |assessor2=di Fiore, A. |assessor3=Rylands, A.B. |assessor4=Mittermeier, R.A. |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2008 |id=136787 |title=Alouatta puruensis |version=2011.2|downloaded=19 January 2012}} 9. ^Planet catfish 10. ^Fish Base 11. ^{{citation|ref={{harvid|Purus varzea – Myers}} |title=Purus varzea|publisher= Myers Enterprises II |work=Global Species |url=http://www.globalspecies.org/ecoregions/display/NT0156|accessdate=2017-03-15}} 12. ^{{citation|language=Portuguese |title=Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Biológica do Abufari|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=194|accessdate=2016-04-24}} 13. ^Martti Pärssinen, Denise Schaan, Alceu Ranzi: Pre-Columbian geometric earthworks in the upper Purús: a complex society in western Amazonia. Antiquity, Volume 83, 2009, p. 1084–1095
External links
|url= http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/apr2005/2005-04-01-02.asp |title= Peru Preserves Biodiversity in Vast New Park |accessdate= 5 November 2014 |author= |date= 1 April 2005 |year= |work= Environment News Service |publisher= |pages= |doi= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}
|url= http://www.enjoyperu.com/peru_travel_tours_information/peru_nature_ecology_biodiversity/peru_nature_ecology_biodiversity_national_parks_altopurus_national_park_part1.html |title= Alto Purús National Park |accessdate= 5 November 2014 |author= |date= |year= |work= Enjoy Peru |publisher= |pages= |doi= | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080517005333/http://www.enjoyperu.com/peru_travel_tours_information/peru_nature_ecology_biodiversity/peru_nature_ecology_biodiversity_national_parks_altopurus_national_park_part1.html| archivedate= 17 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}{{Natural and Cultural Peruvian Heritage}} 7 : Tributaries of the Amazon River|Rivers of Acre (state)|Rivers of Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Rivers of Peru|International rivers of South America|Brazil–Peru border|Rivers of Ucayali Region |
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