| 词条 | Pyay |
| 释义 |
|name = Pyay |native_name = ပြည်မြို့ |other_name = Prome |pushpin_map = Burma |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = Pyay-Blick von Shwesandaw Paya.JPG |image_caption = Shwesandaw Pagoda in Pyay |image_map = |map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Myanmar}} |subdivision_type1 = Division |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Bago Region}} |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Pyay District |subdivision_type3 = Township |subdivision_name3 = Pyay Township |area_total_km2 = |population_urban = 134,861 |population_metro = 251,643 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_density_km2 = auto |coordinates = {{coord|18|49|01|N|95|13|05|E|region:MM|display=inline}} |elevation_ft = |elevation_m = |timezone = +7 |utc_offset = +7 |website = }} Pyay ({{MYname|MY=ပြည်မြို့|MLCTS=prany mrui.}}, {{IPA-my|pjì mjo̰|pron}}; {{lang-mnw|ပြန်}}, {{IPA-mnw|prɔn|}}; also known as Prome and Pyè) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of Irrawaddy River, {{convert|260|km|abbr=on}} north-west of Yangon.[1] It is an important trade center for the Ayeyarwady Delta, Central and Upper Myanmar and the Rakhine (Arakan) State[2]. The British Irrawaddy Flotilla Company established the current town in the late 19th century on the Irrawaddy as a transshipment point for cargo between Upper and Lower Burma. The district of Pyay encompasses the valley of the Irrawaddy, located between Thayetmyo, Hinthada and Tharrawaddy districts. Along the western side of Pyay District are the Arakan Mountains and along the eastern side are the Pegu Range. Pyay District's main towns are Pyay, Shwe Taung, and Paungde. EtymologyThe name "Pyay" means "country" in Burmese, and refers to the ruins of the main city of the Pyu city-states, Sri Ksetra ({{lang-my|သရေခေတ္တရာ}}, Sanskrit Śrīkṣetra "blessed place, country"), which is located {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} to the south-east of modern Pyay and is in the village of Hmawa. HistoryMuch debate surrounds the construction of Sri Ksetra. Htin Aung suggests that Pyu might have been founded in 78 CE, based on the Sanskrit / Pyu Era. D. G. E. Hall and Gordon Luce, however, claim that civilisation of the Irrawaddy Valley could not have been possible before the 4th century, thus, attributing the founding of Sri Ksetra to 638, from which the current Burmese Kawza Era begins. Sri Ksetra was the capital of the Pyu dynasty of Vikrama. The city was circular with walls enclosing about {{convert|46|km²|abbr=on}}, making it the largest walled city in Southeast Asia during its peak. The city contained both housing and farms, as is evident from the remains of waterways and tanks which have been discovered. The Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and Yijing mentioned Sri Ksetra in their mid-7th-century accounts.{{sfn|Cœdès|1968|pp=62-63,77}} It is not known when precisely the Pyu abandoned Sri Ksetra and moved northward. It is speculated that their decline was due to the growth of the Irrawaddy river delta, cutting it off from coastal trade, and also from Mon and later Tai Shan incursions. Burmese chronicles state that when Anawrahta invaded the southern parts of modern-day Myanmar in 1057, he ordered the ruins of Sri Ksetra to be destroyed to prevent rebels from sheltering there. The Burmese came to call the old Pyu center Pyi. The extensive ruins have been the subject of intensive archaeological investigation. Called Prome by the British (after the name that appears in the Portuguese texts of the XVIIth century), the city became part of British territory after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1853. The town was taken by the British in 1825 during the Battle of Prome and again in 1852, on both occasions with hardly any opposition. In 1862, it was almost entirely destroyed by fire, and was afterwards relaid out in straight and broad streets. It was erected into a municipality in 1874, and since then great improvements have been made, including waterworks. During World War II the city was the site of the Battle of Prome. The city was later retaken by the British Army in May 1945. To the south and south-east, the town is closed in by low pagoda-topped hills, on one of which stands the conspicuous gilded Shwesandaw Pagoda. The Shwesandaw Pagoda is a pagoda in the center of Pyay. It is the terminus for a railway from Yangon, which runs through the district.[3] To the west of Pyay, crossing Irrawaddy river through Nawaday bridge, stands the Shwebontha Muni Pagoda. The Buddha statue is one of three replica of the Maha Myat Muni Buddha statue, believe to date back 554 B.C. when the king Sandar Thuriy rules[4]. GeographyThe north and north-east of the district is forest-covered, and contains numerous valleys and ravines, which unite in one large stream called the Naweng River. The most important of the plains lie in the south and south-west portions of Pyay, and extend along the whole length of the railway that runs between. There are, in addition large tracts of land covered by jungle, which are available for cultivation. The principal river is the Irrawaddy, which intersects the district from north to south; next in importance are the Thani and its tributaries and the Naweng system of rivers. In the hills near the capital the soil is of Tertiary formation, and in the plains it is an alluvial deposit. ClimatePyay has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Temperatures are hot throughout the year, especially in the months before the monsoon from March to May when average maximum temperatures exceed {{convert|36|°C|°F}}. The winter months (December–February) are somewhat milder than the rest of the year. There is a winter dry season (December–April) and a summer wet season (May–November). Heavy rain falls in the summer, particularly in the month of July when {{convert|626|mm|in}} of rain falls. {{Weather box| location = Pyay (1981–2010) | single line = Y | metric first = Y | Jan high C = 32.2 | Feb high C = 35.1 | Mar high C = 37.6 | Apr high C = 38.7 | May high C = 36.0 | Jun high C = 31.9 | Jul high C = 31.0 | Aug high C = 31.0 | Sep high C = 32.3 | Oct high C = 33.5 | Nov high C = 32.7 | Dec high C = 31.5 | year high C = 33.6 | Jan low C = 16.2 | Feb low C = 17.8 | Mar low C = 21.2 | Apr low C = 24.7 | May low C = 25.6 | Jun low C = 24.8 | Jul low C = 24.8 | Aug low C = 24.7 | Sep low C = 24.6 | Oct low C = 24.2 | Nov low C = 21.7 | Dec low C = 18.1 | year low C = 22.4 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 1.5 | Feb rain mm = 0.9 | Mar rain mm = 5.1 | Apr rain mm = 27.3 | May rain mm = 145.1 | Jun rain mm = 234.8 | Jul rain mm = 198.0 | Aug rain mm = 227.5 | Sep rain mm = 205.7 | Oct rain mm = 124.0 | Nov rain mm = 56.0 | Dec rain mm = 1.5 | year rain mm = 1227.4 | source 1 = Norwegian Meteorological Institute[5] }} EconomyThe main crop is rice, but some cotton and tobacco are grown, while the custard apples are famous. Sericulture is extensively carried on by a special class. The forests yield teak and cutch, cotton and silk-weaving are important industries; there are also manufactures of ornamental boxes, coarse brown sugar and cutch. EducationPyay City has three universities. The universities are Pyay University (PU), Pyay Technological University(PTU), and Computer University, Pyay. Pyay University is situated near to the town centre of Pyay. PTU is situated near to Hnawgone village and Latkhoukpin village, a few miles away from Pyay. CU,Pyay is also quite a far distance from downtown. Health care
References{{Wikivoyage|Pyay}}{{Commons category|Pyay, Myanmar|Pyay}}1. ^Pyay. (2005). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia including Atlas. Retrieved March 13, 2008, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/6458618 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://myanmartravelinformation.com/around-yangon/pyay.html|title=Myanmar Travel Information|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 3. ^Bagan: Shwesandaw Pagoda, Myanmar(Burma) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517050444/http://www.ancientbagan.com/shwesandaw-pagoda.htm |date=2008-05-17 }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.touristinspiration.com/knowledge/things-to-see-and-do/shwe-bontha-muni-pagoda-149043.html|title=Shwe Bontha Muni Pagoda|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^{{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archivedate = 8 October 2018 | url = http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | title = Myanmar Climate Report | publisher = Norwegian Meteorological Institute | pages =23-36 | accessdate = 30 November 2018}} Bibliography
3 : Old Cities of Mon people|Populated places in Bago Region|Township capitals of Myanmar |
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