| 词条 | Pyramide Inversée |
| 释义 |
The Louvre Pyramide Inversée (Inverted Pyramid)[1] is a skylight constructed in the Carrousel du Louvre, an underground shopping mall in front of the Louvre Museum in France. It may be thought of as a smaller sibling of the more famous Louvre Pyramid proper, yet turned upside down: its upturned base is easily seen from outside. DesignThe inverted pyramid marks the intersection of two main underground walkways beneath the Place du Carrousel and orients visitors towards the museum entrance under the Cour Napoléon. Tensioned against a {{convert|30|t|ST |adj=on}}, {{convert|13.3|m|ft|adj=on}} square steel caisson frame, the inverted pyramidal shape in laminated glass points downward towards the floor. The glass of the pyramid itself is {{convert|10|mm|in}} thick, while the glass above the pyramid at courtyard (ground) level, which must be able to support the weight of pedestrians, is {{convert|30|mm|in}} thick.[1] The tip of the pyramid is suspended {{convert|1.4|m|ft}} above floor level. Individual glass panes in the pyramid are connected by stainless-steel crosses {{convert|381|mm|in}} in length. After dark, the structure is illuminated by a frieze of spotlights. Directly below the tip of the downwards-pointing glass pyramid, a small stone pyramid (about {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on| disp=comma}}) is stationed on the floor, as if mirroring the larger structure above: The tips of the two pyramids almost touch. The Pyramide Inversée was designed by architect I.M. Pei, and installed as part of the Phase II government renovation of the Louvre Museum. It was completed in 1993.[2] In 1995, it was a finalist in the Benedictus Awards, described by the jury as "a remarkable anti-structure ... a symbolic use of technology ... a piece of sculpture. It was meant as an object but it is an object to transmit light."[3] In The Da Vinci CodeThe Inverted Pyramid figures prominently on the concluding pages of Dan Brown's international bestseller The Da Vinci Code. The protagonist of his novel, Robert Langdon, reads esoteric symbolism into the two pyramids: The Inverted Pyramid is perceived as a Chalice, a feminine symbol, whereas the stone pyramid below is interpreted as a Blade, a masculine symbol: the whole structure could thus express the union of the sexes. Moreover, Brown's protagonist concludes that the tiny stone pyramid is actually only the apex of a larger pyramid (possibly the same size as the inverted pyramid above), embedded in the floor as a secret chamber. This chamber is implied to enclose the body of Mary Magdalene. At the climax of the film adaptation, the camera elaborately moves through the entire glass pyramid from above and then descends beneath the floor below to reveal the supposed hidden chamber under the tiny stone pyramid, containing the sarcophagus with the remains of Mary Magdalene. Other esoteric interpretationsBrown was not the first writer to offer esoteric interpretations of the Inverted Pyramid. In Raphaël Aurillac's work Le guide du Paris maçonnique the author declares that the Louvre used to be a Masonic temple. To Aurillac, the various glass pyramids constructed in recent decades include Masonic symbolism. Aurillac sees the downward-pointing pyramid as expressing the Rosicrucian motto V.I.T.R.I.O.L. (Visita Interiora Terrae Rectificandoque / Invenies Occultum Lapidem, "Visit the interior of the earth and by rectifying you will find the secret stone"). Another writer on Masonic architecture, Dominique Setzepfandt, sees the two pyramids as suggesting "the compass and square that together form the Seal of Solomon" (quoted in Code Da Vinci: L'enquête by Marie-France Etchegoin and Frédéric Lenoir).{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} References1. ^"The inverted pyramid", p. 177, in The Grand Louvre: History of a Project, under the direction of Dominique Bezombes. Paris: Moniteur, 1994. {{ISBN|9782281190793}}. 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris/louvrepyramid.htm |title=Louvre Pyramid |author= |date= |website=A View On Cities |publisher= |access-date=23 August 2016 |quote=}} 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=HtxOAAAAYAAJ&q=%22inverted+pyramid%22+%22benedictus+award%22&dq=%22inverted+pyramid%22+%22benedictus+award%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY8OyQupvhAhVMtZ4KHSeMBrYQ6AEIKDAA "Inverted Pyramid, The Louvre"], The Dupont Benedictus Award, AIA/ACSA Council on Architectural Research, 1996. {{OCLC|34133614}}. External links{{Commons category|La Pyramide Inversée}}
3 : Louvre Palace|Inverted pyramids|Pyramids in France |
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