| 词条 | Pyramiden | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Pyramiden |official_name = Пирамида (Russian) |nickname = |settlement_type = Abandoned town |motto = |image_skyline = Piramida Svalbard IMG 6283.JPG |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Map of Pyramiden, Svalbard.JPG |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Svalbard | pushpin_map1 = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = 150 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Norway |subdivision_type1 = Territory |subdivision_name1 = Svalbard |subdivision_type2 = Island |subdivision_name2 = Spitsbergen |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_type = |leader_title = Administration |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Founded |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |population_as_of = 2015 |population_total = 4-15 (winter-summer) {{efn|While Pyramiden has no permanent residents, a few workers maintain the rebuilt infrastructure, run the hotel, and guide tourists' visits.}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = |area_code = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|78|39|22|N|16|19|30|E|region:SJ|display=inline}} }} Pyramiden ({{IPA-no|pʏrɑˈmiːdən|lang}}, "the pyramid";{{efn|The name's meaning and pronunciation are the same in Swedish, as used at the settlement's foundation.}} {{lang-rus|Пирами́да|r=Piramida}}) is an abandoned Russian coal-mining settlement on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. Founded by Sweden[1] in 1910 and sold to the Soviet Union in 1927, Pyramiden was closed in 1998 and has since remained largely abandoned with most of its infrastructure and buildings still in place. Since 2007 there have been efforts to make it a tourist attraction. HistoryPyramiden was founded by Sweden[1] in 1910 and sold to the Soviet Union in 1927. It lies at the foot of the Billefjorden on the island of Spitsbergen and is named after the pyramid-shaped mountain with the same name adjacent to the town.[3] The nearest settlements are Svalbard's capital, Longyearbyen, some {{convert|50|km}} to the south, Barentsburg approximately {{convert|100|km}} south-west and the small research community of Ny-Ålesund, {{convert|100|km}} to the west. In Soviet times the population was mostly Ukrainian, consisting of miners from Donbass and staff from Volyn.[2][3] Owned by the state-owned Russian mining company Arktikugol Trust, which also owns the settlement of Barentsburg, Pyramiden once had over 1,000 inhabitants. Among its amenities were a cultural center with a theater, a library, art and music studios; a sports complex; and a cantina open 24 hours a day.[4] It also had a primary school.[5] The world's northernmost grand piano is located at Pyramiden: a "Red October" (Красный октябрь)[6] grand piano is located in the auditorium of the cultural centre. The northernmost monument to Vladimir Lenin and the northernmost swimming pool are also located here.[7] On March 31, 1998, the last coal was extracted from the mine and the last permanent resident left by October 10.[8] Until 2007, Pyramiden was practically a ghost town where, within the buildings, things remained largely as they were when the settlement was abandoned in a hurry.[9] PreservationPyramiden is accessible by boat or snowmobile from Longyearbyen, either as part of a guided tour or independently. There is also the Pyramiden Heliport. There are no restrictions on visiting Pyramiden, still owned by Arktikugol Trust, but visitors are not allowed to enter any buildings without permission even if they are open. While most buildings are now locked, breaking into the buildings, vandalism and theft of artifacts have become a serious threat to Pyramiden as it contributes to the accelerating deterioration of the buildings.[10][13] Since 2007, Arktikugol has been renovating the hotel and upgrading the infrastructure, including building a new power station with diesel generators, in order to accommodate tourists in the old settlement. Up to 30 workers have been living in the settlement year round to maintain the facilities and guide tourists visiting from Longyearbyen.[11] {{Asof|2013}}, the Tulip hotel has been reopened and it is possible to stay overnight in Pyramiden. The Tulip hotel also houses a small museum. In addition, there is a small hotel built of old shipping containers near the harbour.[12] However,there are no plans to renovate and reopen the whole settlement. CultureA book has been written about Pyramiden by Norwegian author Kjartan Fløgstad.[13] A 2010 episode of the History Channel programme Life After People featured Pyramiden. It predicted that due to the low rate of decay in a frigid climate, the abandoned town's major buildings would be visible 500 years from now.[14] Danish indie rock group Efterklang recorded their 2012 album Piramida in the settlement.[15]In 2014, the Swedish singer Tove Styrke filmed a music video in Pyramiden for her single Borderline.[16] GallerySee also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 Sveriges okända ockupation. Populär Historia, 14 Mars 2001. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-10-06}} 2. ^Максим Беспалов. Український Шпіцберген. Київ, "Темпора". 2017. с. 162-169. {{ISBN|978-617-569-316-2}} 3. ^[https://ukr.lb.ua/society/2016/09/22/345871_ostriv_shpitsbergen_mistse_de.html Остров Шпицберген: место, где не рождаются и не умирают люди] 4. ^[https://longreads.com/2015/03/18/the-cold-rim-of-the-world/ The Cold Rim of the World]. Longreads, March 2015. 5. ^Umbreit, Andreas. Spitsbergen: Svalbard, Franz Josef, Jan Mayen, 3rd: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Travel Guides, 2005. {{ISBN|1841620920}}, 9781841620923. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TExU1p6Cy20C&pg=PA200 200]. 6. ^"Red October" (Krasny Octyabr) 7. ^1 "Архипелаг никак" (retrieved April 19, 2015) 8. ^{{cite web|last=Nuwer|first=Rachel|title=A Soviet Ghost Town in the Arctic Circle, Pyramiden Stands Alone|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/soviet-ghost-town-arctic-circle-pyramiden-stands-alone-180951429/?no-ist|work=Smithsonian Magazine|publisher=Smithsonian|accessdate=27 May 2014}} 9. ^Pulling out of Pyramiden. BBC News, 2 September 2000. 10. ^Umbreit, 2009. Page 182. 11. ^Back in Pyramiden, Svalbard {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618024857/http://ruinmemories.org/2012/08/back-in-pyramiden-svalbard/ |date=2013-06-18 }}. Elin Andreassen and Hein B. Bjerck, Ruin Memories. {{retrieved|accessdate=2013-04-04}} 12. ^1 Nytt liv for Pyramiden. Svalbardposten, 6 April 2013. {{retrieved|accessdate=2013-04-12}} 13. ^Fløgstad i Pyramiden : Dagsavisen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222510/http://www.dagsavisen.no/kultur/boker/article291772.ece |date=2007-09-27 }} 14. ^A Soviet Ghost Town in the Arctic Circle, Pyramiden Stands Alone. Smithsonian magazine, 19 May 2014. {{retrieved|accessdate=2014-07-18}} 15. ^{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Betty|date=20 September 2012|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/sep/20/efterklang-piramida-review|title=Efterklang: Piramida – review |work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|accessdate=27 December 2014}} 16. ^TOVE STYRKE BORDERLINE-THE LODGE Bibliography
External links{{commons category|Pyramiden}}{{Wikivoyage}}
9 : Ghost towns in Europe|Norway–Soviet Union relations|Former populated places in Svalbard|Tourist attractions in Svalbard|Mining communities in Norway|Populated places established in 1910|1910 establishments in Norway|Company towns in Norway|Pyramiden |
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