“Edward D'Avenant”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

He was the son of Edward Davenant and nephew of John Davenant.^[3] Brief Lives describes the elder Edward Davenant as a learned London merchant, involved in the pilchard trade.^[4] Edward Davenant the younger was baptised at All Hallows, Bread Street on 25 April 1596 and educated at Merchant Taylors's School.^[5]^[6]

Davenant then went to Queens' College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1613, and M.A. in 1617. He accompanied his uncle John to the Synod of Dort in 1618, and kept a diary. He was ordained in 1621. From 1615 to 1625 he was a Fellow of Queens', graduating B.D. in 1624. In 1629 he graduated D.D.^[2]^[6] In the aftermath of the Synod, John Davenant gave Cambridge lectures, significant for hypothetical universalism. They were published only in 1650, the delay being for political reasons; this came about because Edward Davenant sent them to James Ussher, who had Thomas Bedford, another Queens' graduate, edit them (in Latin).^[7]

Davenant held incumbencies at Poulshot, North Moreton and Gillingham, Dorset. He was Treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral from 1634.^[6] At Gillingham, he pursued mathematical researches, and took pupils, who included John Aubrey.^[8] Aubrey recorded that Davenant was unwilling to publish on mathematics, preferring to keep his interest private. His algebra problems for his daughter Anne have survived in Aubrey's copy.^[9] Aubrey later took these problems to John Pell, for solution and commentary. What Davenant preferred was to circulate portions of his work in manuscript.^[10]

According to John Walker in Sufferings of the Clergy, Davenant suffered sequestration at Gillingham during the First English Civil War, when his family numbered seven sons and five daughters, being replaced by Thomas Andrews.^[11] Writing to Ussher in 1646, during these troubles, Davenant introduced mathematical topics.^[12]

Davenant died on 17 March 1679.^[13] A memorial slate is in his parish church at Gillingham.^[14]

Works

Davenant proposed mathematical problems as challenges. One, on approximation to rational numbers by rationals with bounded denominator, was taken up by John Wallis.^[15] It led to the development of the theory of continued fractions.^[16] John Collins in 1676 named the special case, of rational approximations to π, after Davenant; and Wallis praised him. Stedall suggests, however, that Wallis was more concerned with misdirection, resisting the attribution of earlier work in the field to John Pell.^[17] Another usage of "Dr. Davenant's problem" was to an unrelated question in elimination theory.^[18] This latter problem was addressed by Isaac Newton using power series, and is documented in correspondence.^[19]

Family

Davenant's wife's name is given as Catherine.^[20] Their daughter Katherine married Thomas Lamplugh in 1663.^[21] He had two sons, Ralph and John, and another daughter, Anne;^[22] she married Anthony Ettrick, Member of Parliament for {{constlk|Christchurch}}.^[23]

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=35087 |title=Archdeacons: Berkshire |author=Joyce M. Horn |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1986 |work=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857: volume 6: Salisbury diocese |accessdate=3 December 2013}}]
2. ^¹{{cite book|author=Anthony Milton|title=The British Delegation and the Synod of Dort (1618–1619)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVIH4A8YpA0C&pg=PA105|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-157-0|page=105 note 1}}
3. ^{{cite ODNB|id=10236|title=Fuller, Thomas|first=W. B.|last=Patterson}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=John Aubrey|title=Brief Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J57Irdoky70C&pg=PA87|year=1982|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=978-0-85115-206-6|page=87}}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Arthur Tozer Russell|title=Memorials of the life and works of Thomas Fuller|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gvo5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA21|year=1844|publisher=William Pickering|page=21}}
6. ^¹²{{acad|DVNT610E|Davenant, Edward}}
7. ^{{cite book|author1=Aza Goudriaan|author2=Fred van Lieburg|title=Revisiting the Synod of Dordt (1618–1619)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5BII67UNg0C&pg=PA175|date=6 December 2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18863-1|page=175 note 54}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Mordechai Feingold|title=The Mathematicians' Apprenticeship: Science, Universities and Society in England, 1560–1640|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7q48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA80|year=1984|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25133-4|page=80}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=Jacqueline Stedall|title=The History of Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XzLB3JAt5oAC&pg=PA60|date=23 February 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-959968-4|page=60}}
10. ^{{cite book |author=William Poole |title=John Aubrey and the Advancement of Learning |year=2010 |publisher=Bodleian Library |isbn=978 1 85124 319 8|pages=44–5}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=John Walker|title=An Attempt Towards Recovering an Account of the Numbers and Sufferings of the Clergy of the Church of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=781DAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA63|year=1714|publisher=W. S.|pages=63–}}
12. ^{{cite book|author=Richard Parr|title=The Life of James Usher Lord Arch-Bishop of Armagh, Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland: with a Collection of three hundred Lettres|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdRQAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA544|year=1686|page=544}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=117055 |title=Dabbe-Dirkin |author=Joseph Foster (editor) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1891 |work=Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714 |accessdate=3 December 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=128134 |title=Gillingham |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1972|work=An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 4: North |accessdate=3 December 2013}}
15. ^D. H. Fowler, An Approximation Technique, and its Use by Wallis and Taylor, Archive for History of Exact Sciences Vol. 41, No. 3 (1991), pp. 189-233, at p. 194. Published by: Springer. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133888
16. ^{{cite book|author=Scott B. Guthery|title=A Motif of Mathematics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swb2c9enRJcC&pg=PA30|year=2011|publisher=Docent Press|isbn=978-1-4538-1057-6|page=30}}
17. ^{{cite book |author=Jacqueline A. Stedall|title=A Discourse Concerning Algebra: English Algebra to 1685|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0 19 852495 1|page=145}}
18. ^{{cite book |author=Jacqueline A. Stedall|title=A Discourse Concerning Algebra: English Algebra to 1685|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0 19 852495 1|page=247 note 66}}
19. ^{{cite book|author=Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz|title=Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KjvkUMVLDdYC&pg=PA607|year=1963|publisher=Akademie Verlag|isbn=978-3-05-000075-6|page=607}}
20. ^{{cite book|author=Stephen Hyde Cassan|title=Lives and Memoirs of the Bishops of Sherborne and Salisbury: From the Year 705 to 1824|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAkLAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA121|year=1824|publisher=Printed and sold by Brodie and Dowding|page=121}}
21. ^{{cite ODNB|id=15956|title=Lamplugh, Thomas|first=Stuart|last=Handley}}
22. ^{{cite book|author=John Davenant|editor=Josiah Allport|title=An Exposition of the Epistle of St. Paul to the Colossians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMoUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR51|year=1831|publisher=Hamilton, Adams and Company|page=li}}
23. ^historyofparliamentonline.org, Ettrick, Anthony (1622–1703), of the Middle Temple and Holt Lodge, Dorset.