“Edward Hartley”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Edward Robertshaw Hartley (25 May 1855–18 January 1918) was a British socialist politician.

Hartley began work in a mill at the age of ten, before becoming a warehouse clerk and then a butcher.^[1] He became an active socialist in 1885, in reaction to serious unemployment in his home town of Bradford. He was a founder member of the Bradford Labour Union and the Independent Labour Party (ILP).^[2]{{rp|306}} He stood for the party in Dewsbury at the 1895 general election, taking 10.4% of the vote, but was not elected.^[2]{{rp|128–130}} However, he did gain election to Bradford City Council that year, representing Manningham, and held his seat for over a decade.^[3] At the 1900 general election, he was nominated in Pudsey, but withdrew on the eve of the poll.^[4]

Hartley was intended as the ILP candidate for the Dewsbury by-election, 1902, with the support of the local trades council and the Labour Representation Committee, but the rival Social Democratic Federation (SDF) nominated Harry Quelch. Initially, neither candidate would withdraw, but the trades council convinced the ILP to drop Hartley's candidacy. Quelch did not gain the support of the local labour movement, nor of the ILP leadership. Angered by what he saw as pandering to the right-wing of the labour movement, Hartley actively supported Quelch's candidacy and joined the SDF.^[2]{{rp|138–141}} He founded a new SDF branch in Bradford, in 1904,^[2]{{rp|204}} and was elected to the SDF's executive for seven years, using the position to advocate socialist unity.^[2]{{page needed|date=April 2017}} Yet he remained part of the ILP group on Bradford Council, and was re-elected on the ILP ticket in Bradford Moor in 1905.^[2]{{rp|327}}

Hartley stood for the SDF in Bradford East at the 1906 general election, where he held joint meetings with Fred Jowett, Labour Party candidate for Bradford West, and he secured the support of the local ILP.^[5] He won 22.8% of the vote, but again missed election. He next stood for the party in the Newcastle by-election, 1908, then back in Bradford East in the January 1910 general election.^[2]{{rp|330}}

From 1910 until 1912, Hartley was the secretary of The Clarion Van Movement. He then toured Australia and New Zealand for eighteen months.^[2]{{page needed|date=April 2017}} On his return, he stood in the Leicester by-election, 1913. Sitting MP Ramsay MacDonald had persuaded the Labour Party not to stand a candidate, in the hope of a Liberal victory, but this enabled Hartley to attract the support of many ILP members, ultimately taking 11.4% of the vote.^[6] On the outbreak of World War I, Hartley became strongly pro-war and left the SDF to join the British Workers League, in the process losing most of his political support.^[2]{{page needed|date=April 2017}} He retired to Shelf, West Yorkshire where he died and is buried.{{cn|date=January 2019}}

References

1. ^The Reformers Year Book (1909), p.221
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸Martin Crick, The History of the Social Democratic Federation
3. ^D. G. Wright et al, Victorian Bradford, p.227
4. ^Keith Laybourn and Jack Reynolds, Liberalism and the rise of Labour, 1890-1918, pp.164
5. ^Keith Laybourn and Jack Reynolds, Liberalism and the rise of Labour, 1890-1918, pp.133-136
6. ^David Howell, British workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888-1906, p.240