| 词条 | Edward Rupert Burrowes |
| 释义 |
| name = Edward Rupert Burrowes | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 15 September 1903[1] | birth_place = Barbados | death_date = {{Death-date and age|1966|1903|df=y}} | death_place = | nationality = Guyanese | other_names = | known_for = Working People's Art Class | occupation = Artist }} Edward Rupert Burrowes {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}} (15 September 1903 – 1966) was an artist and art teacher who founded the Working People's Art Class (WPAC), the first established art institution in Guyana. The E R Burrowes School of Art, an undergraduate institution accredited by the University of Guyana, is named after him.{{sfn|E.R Burrowes School of Art}} Early yearsBurrowes was born in Barbados in 1903, of African origin.{{sfn|Walmsley|1996|p=263-264}} He arrived in Guyana as a young child.{{sfn|Roopnaraine|2005|p=48}} His father worked for the privately owned Daily Chronicle. After his father's death, the family had little money to live on. When Burrowes left primary school he became a tailor's apprentice. He continued to study from books, and passed examinations in English Language and Literature, English History, and Scripture. He passed the City and Guilds examinations at an unusually young age, and was able to open his own tailoring shop.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} Artist and teacherBurrowes was interested in art from an early age, and had natural talent. Unable to afford to buy paints, he worked out how to make them using tailor's chalk.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} He was a frequent visitor to the Georgetown Museum, and was fascinated by the Indian artefacts and displays of Guyanese geology that he saw there.{{sfn|Walmsley|1996|p=267}} The British Guiana Arts and Crafts Society (BGACS) was formed in 1932, and Burrowes became a member. The established BGACS members were impressed by the talent he displayed in his landscape and genre paintings. The latter depicted working-class people in everyday scenes.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} Burrowes began teaching Working Peoples' Free Art Class, which influenced artists such as Dr Denis Williams.{{sfn|Brief on the Burrowe's School of Art}} His goal was to give ordinary working people an opportunity to develop their artistic talents.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} Burrowes founded the WPAC in 1948.{{sfn|Dabydeen|2010|p=169}} In 1949 he received a British Council scholarship which let him attend the Brighton College of Art, where he specialised in block printing.{{sfn|Dabydeen|2010|p=169}} When he returned after a year, he was appointed Art teacher at the Government Teachers' Training College.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} In the 1954 New Year Honours, Burrowes was appointed a Member of the Civil Division of the Order of the British Empire for services to art in British Guiana.[2] In 1956 he was teaching Art and Art History at Queen's College.{{sfn|Dabydeen|2010|p=169}} He died aged 63 in 1966.{{sfn|Greaves|2007}} AchievementsIn 1947, Donald Locke attended a class taught in Georgetown by Burrowes, which inspired him to take up painting.{{sfn|Renowned Artist...}} Writing about Burrowes in the 1966 Guyana Independence Issue of New World, Locke describes how Burrowes was constantly engaged in "technical exploration", including making his own paints from unlikely ingredients and conducting experiments "with balata, buckram, tailor's canvas, rice bags, bitumen, concrete and ... clay mixed with molasses." Denis Williams called him "the Barbadian who fathered the plastic arts in Guyana in terms of a European ancestry."{{sfn|Walmsley|1996|p=263-264}} The WPAC helped a number of Guyanese artists at the start of their career. Stanley Greaves attended the WPAC with Locke as a teenager and later became well known.{{sfn|Walmsley|2004}} Emerson Samuels was another artist who studied at the WPAC.{{sfn|Samuels made...}} The painter Aubrey Williams studied with E. R. Burrowes in the Working People's Art Class after returning from a two-year term with the Agriculture department in which he had lived with indigenous people in the jungle.{{sfn|Williams|Walmsley|1990|p=106}} In 1987, Williams described Burrowes as "a genius" who "opened the Guyanese eyes to art, in its aesthetic sense".{{sfn|Araeen|1987|p=27}} ReferencesCitations1. ^Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878–1960 Sources{{refbegin}}2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=40053 |date=29 December 1953 | page= 25|endpage= |supp=y}}
|title=Brief on the Burrowe's School of Art |publisher=Burrowes School of Art |accessdate=12 August 2012}}
|last=Dabydeen|first=David|title=Denis Williams, a Life in Works: New and Collected Essays |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RNrtDPkdsugC&pg=PA169|accessdate=8 August 2012 |date=31 March 2010|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2791-6}}
|publisher=Ministry of Culture |title=E.R Burrowes School of Art |accessdate=8 August 2012}}
|title=Origin of the working class contribution to the development of art in Guyana |date=25 November 2007 |journal=Stabroek News |last=Greaves|first=Stanley |accessdate=8 August 2012}}
|title=Renowned Artist/Sculptor Donald Locke passes away |journal=Kaieteur News |date=7 December 2010 |accessdate=5 August 2012}}
|last=Roopnaraine|first=Rupert|title=Primacy of the eye: the art of Stanley Greaves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biI4AQAAIAAJ|accessdate=8 August 2012 |date=1 May 2005|publisher=Peepal Tree Press|isbn=978-1-900715-86-7}}
|title=Samuels made a distinguished contribution to Guyanese art —Castellani House |work=Stabroek News |date=17 August 2003 |accessdate=8 August 2012}}
|chapter=Bridges of Sleep – Continental and Island Inheritance in the Visual Arts of Guyana |last=Walmsley |first=Anne |title=A Talent(ed) Digger: Creations, Cameos, and Essays in Honour of Anna Rutherford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUn61SXA5mgC&pg=PA263|accessdate=5 August 2012 |year=1996|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-5183-964-7}}
9 : 1903 births|1966 deaths|20th-century Guyanese painters|Barbadian emigrants to Guyana|Date of death missing|Place of death missing|Members of the Order of the British Empire|20th-century Barbadian people|Barbadian painters |
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