| 词条 | Quadriceps femoris muscle | |||
| 释义 |
| Name = Quadriceps femoris muscle | Latin = Musculus quadriceps femoris | Image = Quadriceps 3D.gif | Caption = Quadriceps femoris, with different muscles in different colors. rectus femoris - blue vastus lateralis - yellow vastus intermedius - green vastus medialis - red | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Origin = Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles | Insertion = Tibial tuberosity | Blood = Femoral artery | Nerve = Femoral nerve | Action = Knee extension; Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only) | Antagonist = }} The quadriceps femoris ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɒ|d|r|ᵻ|s|ɛ|p|s|_|ˈ|f|ɛ|m|ər|ᵻ|s}}, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. The name derives {{ety|la|four-headed muscle of the femur}}. StructureIt is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names:
All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tuberosity of the tibia via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament. There is a fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex that is often forgotten and rarely taught called articularis genus. In addition, recent cadaver studies have confirmed the presence of a sixth muscle, the tensor vastus intermedius.[1] While the muscle has variable presentations, it consistently originates at the proximal femur, runs between the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles, and inserts distally at the medial aspect of the patellar base.[1] Historically considered a part of the vastus lateralis, the tensor vastus intermedius muscle is innervated by an independent branch of the femoral nerve and its tendinous belly can be separated from the vasti lateralis and intermedius muscles in most cases.[1] Nerve supplyFemoral nerve (L2, L3, L4). FunctionAll four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because the rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the vastus medialis, play the important role of stabilizing the patella and the knee joint during gait.[2] Society and cultureTrainingIn strength training, the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targeting solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise. In body building communities, this muscle is colloquially referred to as the "leg triceps".[3] EtymologyThe proper Latin plural form of the adjective quadriceps would be quadricipites. In modern English usage, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural. The singular form quadricep, produced by back-formation, is frequently used. Additional imagesSee also{{Anatomy-terms}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Grob|first1=K|last2=Ackland|first2=T|last3=Kuster|first3=MS|last4=Manestar|first4=M|last5=Filgueira|first5=L|title=A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius|journal=Clinical Anatomy|date=6 January 2016|volume=29|issue=2|pages=256–263|doi=10.1002/ca.22680|pmid=26732825}} 2. ^Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93. 3. ^Monaghan, L. (2002). Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use among bodybuilders. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 55(5), 695-708. External links{{Commons}}
4 : Knee extensors|Thigh muscles|Anterior compartment of thigh|Muscles of the lower limb |
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