“Eliana Rubashkyn”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Eliana Rubashkyn ({{lang-he-n|אליאנה רובשקין}})^[1] (born 25 June 1988) is a Colombian–born, former stateless, New Zealander, known internationally for being the first birth-assigned male person legally recognised as a woman with a U.N. resolution under the international refugee statute. Rubashkyn is a pharmacist, chemist and polyglot.

Rubashkyn's gender was recognised under the United Nations' 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.^[2] Rubashkyn's case attracted international media and legal attention after her mistreatment following her detention at Hong Kong International Airport because of the lack of congruence between her gender identity and her passport photo,^[3]^[4]^[5] resulting in several months of statelessness in Hong Kong, and inhumane reclusion into several refuge centers across Yuen Long.

Personal life

Rubashkyn was born in Colombia to Ukrainian Jewish parents who had moved there in the 1970s.^[6] She was assigned and raised male but born with an intersex condition known as Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with a chimerical distribution of sex chromosomes 46,XX/46,XY. ^[7]^[8]^[9]

In 2011 Rubashkyn obtained her degree in pharmacy at the National University of Colombia.^[10] She was then granted a scholarship to Taipei Medical University, and started her gender transition in Taiwan.

Within a year, hormone replacement therapy changed Rubashkyn's physical appearance dramatically due to her intersex condition, and the Taiwanese immigration authorities required her to update her passport at the closest Colombian consulate before she could begin her second year of master's studies. She travelled to Hong Kong to do so, but when she arrived at Hong Kong International Airport's immigration facility, she was detained for over eight months in several detention and refugee centres because of her ambiguous legal condition.^[11]^[12] suffering from abusive mistreatment and constant sexual abuse and harassment in several of the reclusion centres she lived.^[13]

She was also restrained in a psychiatric ward of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kowloon, caused by an attempted suicide, after being constantly mistreated and sexually abused.^[14]^[15]

Unable to seek asylum to be granted protection as a refugee in Hong Kong due to that government not having ratified the UN Refugee Convention, she faced deportation, and suffered severe mistreatment in the airport's detention centre.^[17]

Rubashkyn currently lives in Auckland, New Zealand, where she was eventually granted asylum as a refugee.

Rubashkyn learned many languages fluently in the refugee centers she lived during 2012, 2013 and 2014^[18].

She remained stateless until 3 April 2018, day in which she was granted with the New Zealand citizenship based on her exceptional circumstances ^[19]

Statelessness

After her reclusion and abuse in the Airport and Refugee Centers, In 2013, the UN sought another country to resettle Eliana caused by the lack of protections for LGBT people and refugees in Hong Kong, she refused to contact her home embassy to prevent deportation after the lack of diplomatic assistance they offered and became since the 30 October 2012 stateless de facto to this date, her condition as refugee limited the contact she could have with authorities from the governments of Colombia and Hong Kong from which the U.N. offered her protection.^[20]^[21]^[22]

Marriage

On 2 June 2015, Rubashkyn was married in New Zealand to an Israeli man named Itamar^[23]^[24] but was forced to use her birth name of Luis Alexander on the marriage registration rather than Eliana.^[25]

International response

With the help of Amnesty International and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), she was granted refugee status. However, because Hong Kong is not a signatory of the 1951 refugee convention, it did not recognise her as a refugee and sought to deport her to Colombia.

Her case drew international attention, particularly in Southeast Asia and Colombia, where transgender people are often persecuted. Her case was also noted in New Zealand, a country known for its stance on equality for LGBT people.^[26]^[27]^[28]

On December 16, 2013, the UN passed a resolution recognising Rubashkyn as woman under the UNHCR refugee system. She became the first transgender person recognised as a woman in China or Hong Kong without having undergone sex reassignment surgery.^[29]^[30]

In May 2014, New Zealand accepted Rubashkyn as a refugee and granted her asylum,^[31] extending a universal recognition of her gender. Her case was the first in the world in which the gender identity of a transgender person was recognised internationally.^[32]^[33]

A CNN story about her struggle and a short documentary about her life in Hong Kong won a GLAAD Media Award in May 2015.^[34]

New Zealand citizenship

After six years of statelessness in April 2018, the government of New Zealand on behalf of the Ministry of Internal Affairs granted the New Zealand citizenship based on her exceptional and unique circumstances.^[35]

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=https://xnet.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5252554,00.html|title=נולדה כאינטרסקס בקולומביה, שרדה אונס ואלימות, ואז התאהבה בישראלי|date=23 May 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hong-kong-government-recognizes-transgender-woman-without-gender-reassignme|title=Hong Kong recognized Trans woman without Sex reassignment Surgery|author=Human Rights Campaign 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/|title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |publisher=CNN International|date= |accessdate=2014-09-05}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=463ef21123&id=533cf1698|title=Transgender Refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong|publisher=UNHCR|date=|accessdate=2014-03-20 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hong-kong-hell-transgender-postgrad-student-turned-refugee-struggles-be-recognised-woman0504|title=Hong Kong is 'hell' Transgender postgrad student-turned-refugee struggles to be recognised as a woman|publisher=gaystarnews.com|date=|accessdate=2014-05-20 }}
6. ^{{cite news|url=https://xnet.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5252554,00.html|title=נולדה כאינטרסקס בקולומביה, שרדה אונס ואלימות, ואז התאהבה בישראלי|date=23 May 2018}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.inmediahk.net/node/eliana|title=專訪：前跨性別難民Eliana（國際特赦組織香港分會人權雜誌春季號）Interview: Former Transgender Refugee Eliana (Amnesty International Hong Kong) Human Rights Magazine Spring Issue)|date=28 April 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web| title = Gender refugee hopes for NZ citizenship| url = http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/3d/gender-refugee-hopes-for-nz-citizenship-2015072616 | publisher = 3 Degrees - TV3 New Zealand|date = July 26, 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.kienyke.com/historias/el-purgatorio-de-una-transgenero-victima-de-un-pasaporte-con-sexo-masculino/ | title = El purgatorio de una transgénero víctima de un pasaporte con sexo masculino | first = Alejandro | last = Vesga | date = July 11, 2015}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11316450|title=Transgender refugee says NZ paradise|last=@LincolnTanNZH|first=Lincoln Tan Lincoln Tan is the New Zealand Herald’s diversity, ethnic affairs and immigration senior reporter lincoln tan@nzherald co nz|date=2014-08-29|work=NZ Herald|access-date=2017-11-09|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/la-transgenero-colombiana-atrapada-en-hong-kong/381292-3|title=The Colombian transgender woman stranded in Hong Kong|publisher=Revista Semana|date= |accessdate=2014-03-22 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1457021/transgender-refugee-goes-through-hell-hong-kong-be-recognised-woman |title=Transgender refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong to be recognised as woman|publisher=South China Morning Post |date= |accessdate=2014-03-03 }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/09/03/watch-trans-refugee-finally-finds-safety-new-zealand |title=Trans Refugee Finally Finds Safety in New Zealand|publisher=The Advocate |date= |accessdate=2017-11-22}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |title=10 Harrowing Tales Of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn|publisher=Listverse |date= |accessdate=2017-10-14 }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/|title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |publisher=CNN International|date= |accessdate=2014-09-05}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkEsMq5xKfA/|title= Live Interview (In Spanish) on CNN after being released from her reclusion in Hong Kong and China |publisher=CNN International|date= |accessdate=2014-09-05}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |title=10 Harrowing Tales Of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn|publisher=Listverse |date= |accessdate=2017-10-14 }}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/index.html|title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare|first=Eliana|last=Rubashkyn|date=5 September 2014}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/shows/2018/04/raped-and-beaten-for-her-gender-identity-refugee-s-story-of-survival.html |title= Raped and beaten for her gender identity, refugee's story of survival |publisher=Newshub|date= 2018-04-14|accessdate=2018-04-14}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1457021/transgender-refugee-goes-through-hell-hong-kong-be-recognised-woman|title=Transgender refugee goes through 'hell' in Hong Kong to be recognised as a woman|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2017-11-09|language=en}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com.hk/gay-lesbian/features/65764/stuck-in-limbo-the-tragic-story-of-transgender-refugee-eliana-rubashkyn.html|title=Stuck in limbo the tragic story of the transgender refugee Eliana Rubashkyn|publisher=Time Out Hong Kong|date=|accessdate=2014-03-22 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/4bc2ddeb9.pdf|title=UNHCR and De Facto Statelessness|publisher=Hugh Massey, Senior Legal Adviser, UNHCR Geneva|date=2010-04-01|accessdate=2017-11-28}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://xnet.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5252554,00.html|title=נולדה כאינטרסקס בקולומביה, שרדה אונס ואלימות, ואז התאהבה בישראלי|date=23 May 2018}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11458110|title=Transgender refugee set to wed|publisher=The New Zealand Herald|date=2 June 2015|first=Lincoln|last=Tan}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=11459398|title=Past 'haunts' transgender wedding day|publisher=The New Zealand Herald|date=4 June 2015|first=Lincoln|last=Tan}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |title=Cơn ác mộng của người chuyển giới ở Hong Kong |publisher=Hot News Vietnam |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101242/http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |archivedate=2014-10-06 |df= }}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2014/04/03/transgender-refugee-hong-kong.php|title=Transgender refugee stranded in Hong Kong describes struggle to be recognized as woman|publisher=Shanhaiist|date=|accessdate=2014-04-03 }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/judicial/noticias/historia-eliana-joven-transgenero-esta-atrapada-hong-kong|title=La historia de Eliana, la joven transgénero que está atrapada en Hong Kong|publisher=Diario El País|date=|accessdate=2014-03-29 }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.caracol.com.co/audio_programas/archivo_de_audio/eliana-rubashkyn-transexual-reconocida-como-mujer-en-china/20140317/oir/2132442.aspx|title=Transexual reconocida como mujer en China|author=caracol.com.co|date= |accessdate=2014-01-01 }}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140315/18657221|title=行街紙隱去性別未變性博士准住女病房|publisher=Apple Daily Hong Kong|date=|accessdate=2014-01-02}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/eliana-rubashkyn-transgenero-colombiana-en-hong-kong-quedo-libre/394176-3|title=En libertad la transgénero presa en Hong Kong|publisher=Revista Semana|date=|accessdate=2015-01-05 }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fundaciontriangulo.org/noticias/425-eliana-rubashkyn-primer-caso-de-cambio-de-sexo-legal-por-asilo-internacional|title=Eliana Rubashkyn. First case of International gender recognition through asylum|publisher=Fundacion Triangulo|date=|accessdate=2015-02-01 }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |title=Transexual colombiana atrapada en Hong Kong recibe refugio en Nueva Zelanda |publisher=RCN |date= |accessdate=2015-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125201/http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |archivedate=2014-10-06 |df= }}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.glaad.org/tags/eliana-rubashkyn|title=Eliana Rubashkyn|work=GLAAD|access-date=2017-11-09}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/shows/2018/04/raped-and-beaten-for-her-gender-identity-refugee-s-story-of-survival.html |title= Raped and beaten for her gender identity, refugee's story of survival |publisher=Newshub|date= 2018-04-14|accessdate=2018-04-14}}