“Quart”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The quart (abbreviation qt.) is an English unit of volume equal to a quarter gallon. It is divided into two pints or four cups. Historically, the exact size of the quart has varied with the different values of gallons over time and in reference to different commodities. Presently, three kinds of quarts remain in use: the {{nowrap|liquid quart}} and {{nowrap|dry quart}} of the US customary system and the {{nowrap|imperial quart}} of the British imperial system. All are roughly equal to one metric litre.

Name

The term comes from the Latin quartus (meaning one-quarter) via the French quart. However, although the French word quart has the same root, it frequently means something entirely different. In Canadian French in particular, the quart is called pinte whilst the pint is called chopine.

History

Since gallons of various sizes have historically been in use, the corresponding quarts have also existed with various sizes.

Definitions and equivalencies

US liquid quart

In the United States, all traditional length and volume measures have been legally standardized for commerce by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 using the definition of 1 yard being exactly equal to 0.9144 meter. From this definition is derived the metric equivalencies for inches, feet, and miles; as well as area measures; and measures of volume. The US liquid quart equals 57.75 cubic inches, which is exactly equal to 0.946352946 litres.^[1]^[2]

US dry quart

In the United States, the dry quart is equal to 1/4 of a US dry gallon, exactly 1.101220942715 litres.

Imperial quart

The imperial quart, used for both liquid or dry capacity, is equal to one quarter of an imperial gallon, or exactly 1.1365225 litres.

In French Canada, by federal law, the imperial quart is called pinte.^[7]^[8]{{request quote|date=March 2013}}

Winchester quart

The Winchester quart is an archaic measure,^[9] roughly equal to 2 Imperial quarts or 2.25 litres. The 2.5{{nbsp}}L bottles in which laboratory chemicals are supplied are sometimes referred to as Winchester quart bottles, although they contain slightly more than a traditional Winchester quart.

Reputed quart

The reputed quart was a measure equal to two thirds of an Imperial quart, or one sixth of an Imperial gallon, about 0.7577{{nbsp}}litres.

The reputed quart was previously recognized as a standard size of wine bottle in the United Kingdom, and is only slightly larger than the current standard wine bottle of 0.75{{nbsp}}L.^[10]^[11]

References

1. ^[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/205- "Authorized tables"], United States Code, Title 15, ch. 6, subchapter I, sec. 205, accessed 19 July 2008.
2. ^One US liquid gallon is defined as 231 cubic inches.
3. ^¹²Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)—US government publication
4. ^¹This has been the exact conversion since the 1964 redefinition of the litre and the 1959 redefinition of the inch.
5. ^This has been the exact conversion since the redefinition of the imperial gallon in 1985 (UK), c. 1964 (Canada).
6. ^{{UK-LEG|path=uksi/1995/1804|title=Units of Measurement Regulations 1995|asmade=yes|access_date=3 May 2011}}
7. ^Measurement Canada
8. ^Mesures Canada
9. ^Trading Standards - Weights and Measures of the City of Winchester {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122070517/http://www.hants.gov.uk/regulatory/tradingstandards/wmhistory.html |date=22 January 2009 }}
10. ^{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/163235?redirectedFrom=reputed+quart#eid25894027|accessdate=24 December 2014|chapter=Reputed, adj. (b)}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Reputed quart|url=http://sizes.com/units/quart_reputed.htm |publisher=Sizes - The Online Quantinary|accessdate=24 December 2014}}