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词条 Eliot Higgins
释义

  1. Life and work

  2. Bellingcat

  3. The Atlantic Council

  4. Reception

  5. References

  6. External links

{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}{{Infobox person
| name = Eliot Ward Higgins
| image = Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis-2015 Eliot Higgins 3.jpg
| caption = Eliot Higgins in 2015
| birth_name = Eliot Ward Higgins
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1979|01}}
| birth_place = Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
| occupation = Blogger, weapons analyst, citizen journalist
| nationality = British
| known_for = Analysis on the Syrian Civil War and the downing of MH17
}}

Eliot Ward Higgins (born January 1979),[1] who previously used the pseudonym Brown Moses, is a British citizen journalist and former blogger, known for inaugurating open-sources and social media for investigations. He helped to investigate the Syrian Civil War, 2014–15 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 and the Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal. He first gained mainstream media attention by identifying weapons in uploaded videos from the Syrian conflict.[2][3] He is the founder of Bellingcat, a website for citizen journalists to investigate current events using open-source information such as videos, maps and pictures.

Life and work

Higgins was born in Shrewsbury in January 1979.[2][4][5] He attended Adams' Grammar School in Shropshire from 1990-95.[6]

His previous work history includes work in finance and admin.[8] In 2012, when Higgins began blogging the Syrian civil war, he was unemployed and spent his days taking care of his child at home;[2] he is married to a Turkish woman.[7][8] Higgins took the pseudonym Brown Moses from the Frank Zappa song "Brown Moses" on the album Thing-Fish.[2]

Higgins' analyses of Syrian weapons, which began as a hobby out of his home in his spare time, are frequently cited by the press and human rights groups and have led to parliamentary discussion.[2] His Brown Moses Blog began in March 2012 by covering the Syrian conflict. Higgins operates by monitoring over 450 YouTube channels daily looking for images of weapons and tracking when new types appear in the war, where, and with whom.[2] According to Guardian reporter Matthew Weaver, Higgins has been "hailed as something of a pioneer" for his work. Higgins has no background or training in weapons and is entirely self-taught, saying that "Before the Arab spring I knew no more about weapons than the average Xbox owner. I had no knowledge beyond what I'd learned from Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rambo."[2] Higgins does not speak or read Arabic.[8]

Higgins is credited with being among the first to report on the widespread use of improvised barrel bombs by the Syrian government, a phenomenon which has spread to other troubled nations such as Iraq to combat insurgencies and opposition forces.[9][10]

Other aspects of the Syrian conflict uncovered and documented by Higgins include the use of cluster bombs in 2012, which the Syrian government denied using; the proliferation of shoulder-launched heat-seeking missiles known as MANPADS; and the proliferation of Croatian-made weapons which was reportedly connected to the United States, a story later picked up by The New York Times.[2] He has also investigated the Syrian regime's alleged use of chemical weapons, including the Ghouta chemical attack in detail.[11][12] Higgins has also performed contract work for Human Rights Watch and Action on Armed Violence.[7]

MIT Professor Theodore Postol, and Richard Lloyd, a former UN weapons inspector, criticised aspects of Higgins's work. Postol described him as "a one man news agency" adding "he was quoted by the Guardian, the New York Times, as an experienced war correspondent. And that without speaking a word of Arabic, without appropriate training, without studying politics or journalism".[13]

Higgins used geolocation to publish an estimate of where the James Foley execution video was made outside Raqqa, an Islamic State stronghold in north-central Syria. Higgins used visual markers in stills from the video and his interpretation of satellite images of the terrain around Raqqa.[14]

In 2018 Higgins was a visiting research associate at the Centre for Science and Security Studies (CSSS) at the Department of War Studies at King’s College London and visiting research fellow at University of California Berkeley's Human Rights Center.[15] In October of that year, Higgins was the subject of BBC Radio Four's programme Profile.[16]

Bellingcat

{{main|Bellingcat}}

On 15 July 2014, Higgins began a new website called Bellingcat for citizen journalists to investigate current events using open-source information such as videos, maps and pictures. Its launch was funded by a Kickstarter campaign.[17] Bellingcat's self-taught open-source analysts include Higgins and eight volunteers.[18]

Among its major projects, Bellingcat has investigated the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in Ukraine. Its work is being considered by the Dutch police investigating the crash,[11] and Higgins has been interviewed twice by the investigators.[19] Bellingcat has suggested that the anti-aircraft missile that hit the plane was fired by a Russian unit, the 53rd Buk brigade, based in the city of Kursk.[20] On 31 May 2015, Bellingcat released a report alleging among other things photo manipulation of satellite images released by the Russian Ministry of Defense.[21] The photos concerned the location of Ukrainian Buk missile launchers around the time MH17 was shot down.[22] Bellingcat's use of error level analysis in its report was criticized by Jens Kriese, a professional image analyst.[23] Nevertheless, Bellingcat's findings about which field the missile was fired from were vindicated in September 2016 by the Dutch-led MH17 Joint Investigation Team.[24]

The Atlantic Council

From 2016 until early 2019, Higgins was a senior fellow in the Digital Forensic Research Lab and Future Europe Initiative; projects run by the Atlantic Council, a leading US geopolitical strategy think-tank based in Washington, D.C.[25][26]

In 2015, Higgins partnered with the Atlantic Council to co-author the report Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine which examined direct Russian military involvement in Ukraine. The report was the inspiration for the documentary [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zssIFN2mso Selfie Soldiers] in which Vice News correspondent Simon Ostrovsky followed digital traces left by a Russian soldier named Bato Dambaev who was sent to fight in Eastern Ukraine. In June 2015 on the invitation of former Belgium Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt, Higgins together with his report co-author Atlantic Council's Maks Czuperski presented Hiding in Plain Sight at the European Parliament alongside Russian opposition figure Ilya Yashin and former Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov.[27] Higgins was also one of five authors of an Atlantic Council report released in 2016, “Distract, Deceive, Destroy,” on Russia’s role in Syria.[28]

Reception

Higgins has received significant praise and support from human rights groups, journalists, and non-profit organisations. "Brown Moses is among the best out there when it comes to weapons monitoring in Syria," said Peter Bouckaert, emergencies director at Human Rights Watch.[2] The New York Times war reporter C.J. Chivers said that fellow journalists owe a debt to Higgins' investigative reporting in Syria. "Many people, whether they admit or not, have been relying on that blog's daily labour to cull the uncountable videos that circulate from the conflict," he said.[2] Amnesty International said that the Brown Moses Blog was vital in proving the Syrian government was using ballistic missiles, information then used to send a research mission to Syria.[42]

Eliot Higgins has been a subject of interest for the British and U.S. media and is described described as "one of the world's foremost citizen journalists" by News Limited reporter Victoria Craw.[29] He has been profiled in print by The Guardian,[2] The Independent,[11] The Huffington Post,[7] and The New Yorker.[3] Television features have been run by Channel 4 News[30] and CNN International.[8] He has also been covered by non-English sources.[31]

In 2019 he was announced as one of Foreign Policy magazines Global Thinkers. 'Eliot Higgins has shown that a laptop with access to social media, YouTube, and Google Maps can reveal more about far-flung wars than government intelligence agencies can. And it all began with Bellingcat, a website he launched in 2014 through a successful Kickstarter campaign. After breakthrough revelations from battlefields in Ukraine and Syria, Higgins used open-source intelligence in 2018 to track down the identities of two Russian operatives who allegedly poisoned the former spy Sergei Skripal in the United Kingdom.' [32]

Variety, in its review of the film "Bellingcat - Truth in a Post-Truth World" wrote ; "While it can be scary to realize that [-] misinformation games occur — and often even originate — at the highest levels of government, there is hope in the form of citizen journalists such as those profiled in Hans Pool’s “Bellingcat – Truth in a Post-Truth World,” an exciting look at one such group of self-appointed fact finders that presents their innovative research techniques as a kind of cutting-edge spy thriller."[33]

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/CXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE/appointments |title=Eliott Ward Higgins |publisher=Companies House |author= |date= |accessdate=November 6, 2018}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite news |last=Weaver |first=Matthew |date=21 March 2013 |title=How Brown Moses exposed Syrian arms trafficking from his front room |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/21/frontroom-blogger-analyses-weapons-syria-frontline |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=18 April 2013}}
3. ^1 {{cite news |last=Keefe |first=Patrick Radden |date=25 November 2013 |title=Rocket Man |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/rocket-man-2 |newspaper=The New Yorker |accessdate=18 July 2014}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=I8I9vmlYyuiWSrzCRT26Hw&scan=1|title=Index entry|accessdate=2 February 2018|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/CXZW53jimPQ9-c8pqoXHtbFOOEE/appointments |title=Eliot Ward HIGGINS |website=Personal Appointments |publisher=Companies House |access-date=2 February 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.adamsgs.uk/our-community/alumni |title=Adams' Grammar School Alumni |publisher=Adams' Grammar School |author= |date= |accessdate=November 6, 2018}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Bosker |first=Bianca |date=18 November 2013 |title=Inside The One-Man Intelligence Unit That Exposed The Secrets And Atrocities Of Syria's War |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/18/eliot-higgins-syria_n_4269417.html |newspaper=The Huffington Post |accessdate=11 December 2013}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Shubert |first=Atika |author-link=Atika Shubert |date=1 April 2013 |title=In his living room, blogger traces arms trafficking to Syria |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/29/world/europe/syria-weapons-blogger |publisher=CNN International |accessdate=18 April 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-mystery-of-syrian-barrel-bombs.html |title=The Mystery of the Syrian Barrel Bombs |work=Brown Moses Blog |first=Eliot |last=Higgins |date=30 August 2012 |accessdate=7 June 2014}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=Marcus |first=Jonathan |date=20 December 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25466541 |title=Syria conflict: Barrel bombs show brutality of war |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=7 June 2014}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Burrell |first=Ian |date=18 January 2015 |title=With Isis, Assad and Putin exposed, who's next on citizen journalist Eliot Higgins' list? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/with-isis-assad-and-putin-exposed-whos-next-on-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-list-9983831.html |newspaper=The Independent |accessdate=18 January 2015}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10730163/The-blogger-who-tracks-Syrian-rockets-from-his-sofa.html |title= The blogger who tracks Syrian rockets from his sofa| first=Patrick Radden |last= Keefe |date= 29 March 2014 |accessdate= 11 April 2015 |work= The Daily Telegraph}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/mh-abschuss-ueber-ukraine-blogger-strafen-moskau-luegen-1.2502698-2|title=Ein-Mann-Nachrichtenagentur|trans-title=One man news agency|language=German|date=1 June 2015|work= Suddeutsche Zeitung|archiveurl=https://archive.is/S69ob|archivedate=23 September 2015|deadurl=yes}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11053544/Is-this-where-James-Foley-was-beheaded.html|title=Is this where James Foley was beheaded?|publisher=The Telegraph|author=Josie Ensor|date=August 24, 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|author=Martin Hieslmair|url=https://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2018/06/12/bellingcat|title= Bellingcat: Looking for Traces in the Digital Environment|date=12 June 2018|website=ars.electronica.art}}
16. ^{{cite episode| title= Profile: Eliot Higgins| series= Profile| credits= Presenter: Mark Coles; Producer: Smita Patel; Researcher: Oliver Jones; Editor: Emma Rippon| network= BBC| station= BBC Radio Four| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0000qf4 | airdate= 14 October 2018| accessdate= 17 October 2018 }}
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1278239551/bellingcat |title=Bellingcat, for and by citizen investigative journalists |last=Higgins |first=Eliot |publisher=Kickstarter |accessdate=22 June 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=Meet Eliot Higgins, Putin’s MH17 Nemesis |url=http://www.newsweek.com/meet-eliot-higgins-putins-mh17-nemesis-345485 |work= Newsweek |first=Maxim |last=Tucker |date=22 June 2015 |accessdate=5 July 2015}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/eliot-higgins-putin-syria_us_561fc877e4b028dd7ea6e15c?section=australia|title=The Citizen Journalists Challenging Assad And Putin's Story Of War|date=16 October 2015|last=Alfred|first=Charlotte|publisher=The Huffington Post}}
20. ^{{cite news |work= The Guardian |date=8 September 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/08/malaysia-airlines-mh-17-dutch-safety-board-preliminary-report |first=Julian |last=Borger |accessdate=5 July 2015 |title=MH17: Dutch Safety Board to publish preliminary report on disaster}}
21. ^{{cite web |title=Forensic Analysis of Satellite Images Released by the Russian Ministry of Defense: A bell¿ngcat Investigation |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Forensic_analysis_of_satellite_images_EN.pdf |date=30 May 2015 |publisher=Bellingcat |accessdate=22 June 2015}}
22. ^{{cite web |title=MH17 – Forensic Analysis of Satellite Images Released by the Russian Ministry of Defence |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2015/05/31/mh17-forensic-analysis-of-satellite-images-released-by-the-russian-ministry-of-defence/ |date=31 May 2015 |accessdate=22 June 2015 |publisher=Bellingcat}}
23. ^{{cite news |title= 'Bellingcat Report Doesn't Prove Anything': Expert Criticizes Allegations of Russian MH17 Manipulation |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/expert-criticizes-allegations-of-russian-mh17-manipulation-a-1037125.html |date=June 4, 2015 |accessdate=June 22, 2015 |first=Benjamin |last=Bidder |work= Spiegel Online International}}
24. ^{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Luke |author-link1=Luke Harding |last2=Luhn |first2=Alec |date=28 September 2016 |title=MH17: Buk missile finding sets Russia and west at loggerheads |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/28/flight-mh17-shot-down-by-missile-brought-in-from-russia-ukraine-malaysia-airlines |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=2 February 2018}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/experts/list/eliot-higgins|title=Eliot Higgins - Nonresident Senior Fellow, Digital Forensic Research Lab, Future Europe Initiative|website=Atlantic Council|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222070801/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/experts/list/eliot-higgins|archivedate=22 February 2016 |deadurl=no}}
26. ^https://twitter.com/EliotHiggins/status/1085495902435971073
27. ^{{cite web|title=Boris Nemtsov's "Putin.War" & Atlantic Council's "Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine"|url=https://alde.livecasts.eu/eu-launch-boris-nemtsov-atlantic-council|website=Putin. War|publisher=ALDE Group}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=DISTRACT, DECEIVE, DESTROY: Putin at War in Syria |url=http://publications.atlanticcouncil.org/distract-deceive-destroy/assets/download/ddd-report.pdf |date=April 2016 |publisher=Atlantic Council |accessdate=20 November 2018}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/bellingcat-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-is-holding-global-governments-to-account/news-story/196436ab0cba6b6eea0a76c5f16af0a1|title=Bellingcat citizen journalist Eliot Higgins is holding global governments to account|author=Victoria Craw|publisher=news.com.au|date=29 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117140039/https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/bellingcat-citizen-journalist-eliot-higgins-is-holding-global-governments-to-account/news-story/196436ab0cba6b6eea0a76c5f16af0a1|archivedate=2015-11-17|deadurl=yes}}
30. ^1 {{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Paraic |date=30 March 2013 |title=Brown Moses: the British blogger tracking Syrian arms |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/brown-moses-blog-syria-arms-weapons-croatia |publisher=Channel 4 News |accessdate=18 April 2013}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://brown-moses.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-brown-moses-blog-fundraiser-launches.html |title=The Brown Moses Blog Fundraiser Launches! |work=Brown Moses Blog |first=Eliot |last=Higgins |date=16 April 2013 |accessdate=22 June 2015}}
32. ^ Foreign Policy [https://foreignpolicy.com/2019-global-thinkers/ global thinkers]
33. ^ variety.com [https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/idfa-film-review-bellingcat-truth-in-a-post-truth-world-1203031551/ bellingcat truth in a post-truth world]

External links

{{Commons category|Eliot Higgins}}
  • [https://bellingcat.com/ Bellingcat], a website for citizen investigative journalists founded by Higgins. Posts tagged [https://www.bellingcat.com/tag/mh17/ MH17] and [https://www.bellingcat.com/tag/august-21st/ August 21st] (Ghouta chemical attack)
  • Brown Moses Blog Inactive since July 2014
  • {{cite web |url=http://sabotagetimes.com/politics/how-i-accidentally-became-an-expert-on-the-syrian-conflict |title=How I Accidentally Became An Expert On The Syrian Conflict |first=Eliot |last=Higgins |work=Sabotage Times |date=19 July 2013 }}
  • Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine
  • [https://medium.com/1st-draft/piecing-together-open-source-evidence-from-the-syrian-sarin-attacks-9027f0238857 piecing together open source evidence from the syrian sarin attacks]
{{Citizen journalism}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Higgins, Eliot}}

9 : 1979 births|Living people|Citizen journalism|Intelligence websites|English bloggers|People educated at Adams' Grammar School|People from Shropshire|People of the Syrian Civil War|Open-source intelligence
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