“Elizabeth A. Johnson”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the 1870s, Johnson became interested in Zebulon Pike and the possibility that the events surrounding the raising of the U.S. flag occurred nearby. She discovered what was believed to be the site in 1875 and, after studying Pike's journals and investigating another reported Pawnee site in southern Nebraska, concluded that this was the village that Pike had visited. To protect the site from being plowed, she and her husband bought the land. In 1901, the Johnsons donated the site to the state of Kansas for historic preservation.^[3]^[4]

Johnson's claim was supported by Elliott Coues, who had edited Pike's journal; with his endorsement, it was accepted by the Kansas State Historical Society. In 1901, Johnson donated the land to the state of Kansas, which built a {{convert|26|ft|adj=on}} granite monument commemorating Pike's symbolic triumph over Spain. At the dedication of the monument, several of the speakers drew parallels between the Pike episode and the recent American victory in the Spanish–American War. In 1906, a four-day festival was held to celebrate the centennial of the flag incident.^[4]^[5]

Subsequent research showed that Pike's expedition had not visited this village, but the Kitkehahki village now known as the Pike-Pawnee Village Site, located on the Republican River in Webster County in south-central Nebraska. The error was a fortunate one, however: it led to the preservation of the site in Kansas, whereas the Nebraska site had been degraded by years of cultivation.^[3]^[5]

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=A History of Republic County, Kansas: Embracing a Full and Complete Account of All the Leading Events in Its History, from Its First Settlement down to June 1, '01 |last=Savage |first=I. O. |editor=Carolyn Ward (Transcribed July 2006)|year=1901 |publisher=Published by Jones & Chubbic |location=Beloit, Kansas |isbn= |page=20 |url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/republic/history/1901/011.html |accessdate=March 25, 2012|authorlink=Isaac O. Savage}}
2. ^"Pawnee Museum will restore, rededicate Pike monument". The Courtland Journal. 2006-08-24. Retrieved [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1418&dat=20060824&id=KDclAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fBEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2692,332677 via Google Newspapers] 2013-11-03.
3. ^¹Platoff, Anne M. "The Pike-Pawnee Flag Incident: Reexamining a Vexillogical Legend". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714095512/http://aplatoff.home.mindspring.com/flags/pikepawnee.html |date=July 14, 2011 }} Raven: A Journal of Vexillology v. 6 (1999) p. 1–8. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
4. ^¹Laugesen, Amanda. "Making a Unique Heritage: Celebrating Pike's Pawnee Village and the Santa Fe Trail, 1900-1918." Kansas History, Autumn 2000. Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
5. ^¹Asher, Brendon Patrick (2009). "Kitkehahki Chipped Stone Technologies: A Comparative Study". M.A. thesis, University of Kansas, Anthropology. Downloadable PDF available via link from abstract. Retrieved 2010-11-24.