| 词条 | Elizabeth Colson |
| 释义 |
|name = Elizabeth Colson |birth_date = {{birth date|1917|6|15}} |birth_place = Hewitt, Minnesota, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|2016|8|3|1917|6|15}} |death_place = Monze, Zambia |residence = |citizenship = American |nationality = American |fields = Social anthropology |alma_mater = University of Minnesota Radcliffe College |doctoral_advisor = Clyde Kluckhohn |influences = Wilson Wallis Ruth Sawtell Wallis Clyde Kluckhohn Robert Marett Max Gluckman Meyer Fortes E.E. Evans-Pritchard Lucy Mair Raymond Firth |known_for = Study of the Gwembe Tonga |prizes = American Association of University Women fellowship, (1942-1943) Lewis Henry Morgan Lecturer, University of Rochester (1973) AAA Distinguished Lecture (1975) Honorary Degrees, Brown University, Rochester University National Academy of Sciences (1977) }}Elizabeth Florence Colson (June 15, 1917 – August 3, 2016) was an American social anthropologist and professor emerita of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley.[1] She was best known for the classic long-term study of the Tonga people of the Gwembe Valley in Zambia and Zimbabwe,[1] which she began in 1956 with Thayer Scudder, 11 years after she obtained her doctorate and while Scudder was a second-year graduate student.[1] Dr. Colson focused her research on the consequences of forced resettlement on culture and social organization,[2] the effects of economic pressure on familial relationships, rituals, religious life, and even drinking patterns.[3] BiographyColson was born in Hewitt, Minnesota on June 15, 1917.[4] She received her bachelor's and master's degrees in anthropology from the University of Minnesota and her Ph.D in Social Anthropology in 1945 from Radcliffe College. Colson received a fellowship from the American Association of University Women in 1942-1943. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1977[5] and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978.[6] While at Radcliffe College, she experienced sex-discrimination in academia and would later work to eradicate this discrimination at the University of California.[9] Her work was based on ethnography and focused on long-term, data supported research. Colson later became a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.[9] She died in Monze, Zambia in August 2016 at the age of 99.[7] ResearchGwembe Tonga ProjectIn 1956, Elizabeth Colson was sent by the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute to study the potential effects that the construction of a dam and hydro-electric power plant would have on the Gwembe Tonga of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). She partnered with Thayer Scudder in order to collect data on the residents of Gwembe. Colson then outlined the social reactions observed during the resettlement of the Gwembe Tonga in her project report titled "The Social Consequences of Resettlement, the Impact of Kariba Resettlement Upon the Gwembe Tonga".[8] The reactions from the Gwembe expressed in Colson's report include: social upheaval, hostility towards the government, loss of legitimacy of local leaders who supported the resettlement of the Gwembe, increase of force on the part of the aforementioned leaders, and general instability in the Gwembe social structure.[9] This research directly contributed to the academic discussions of resettlement, migration, and refugee communities in applied and development anthropology. Colson's research with Scudder on the Gwembe and the social and political aspects of their resettlement is ongoing.[8] References1. ^{{cite web|title=The Gwembe Tonga Research Project|year=2008|author=Lisa Cliggett|url=http://www.uky.edu/~cligget/gwembe.htm|publisher=University of Kentucky|accessdate=8 November 2013}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Colson, Elizabeth}}{{US-anthropologist-stub}}2. ^{{cite book|author= Elizabeth Colson|title=Social Organization of the Gwembe Tonga|publisher=Berg Pub Ltd|year=1995|isbn=978-0854962860}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Overview|year=1989|author=Elizabeth Colson|url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.000245|publisher=Annual Reviews|accessdate=8 November 2013}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=BIOGRAPHIES: Elizabeth Florence Colson|date=May 1998|author=Jennifer Cash|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~wanthro/theory_pages/Colson.htm|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=8 November 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Elizabeth F. Colson|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/56793.html|website=National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=July 26, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808062318/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/56793.html|archivedate=August 8, 2014|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter C|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterC.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 25, 2014}} 7. ^In Memoriam: Elizabeth Florence Colson {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826104230/http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2016/08/19/elizabeth-florence-colson/ |date=2016-08-26 }} 8. ^1 2 3 Jennifer Cash, Elizabeth Colson's Indiana.edu Biography, "Indiana University", May 1998 9. ^{{cite book | last1 = Colson | first1 = Elizabeth | title = The Impact of the Kariba Resettlement Upon the Gwembe Tonga | location = Manchester, England | publisher = University of Manchester | pages = 1–3 | date = 1971 | isbn = 0-7190-1032-2 }} 12 : 1917 births|2016 deaths|American anthropologists|American women anthropologists|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|People from Todd County, Minnesota|Radcliffe College alumni|Social anthropologists|University of California, Berkeley faculty|University of Minnesota alumni|People associated with the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute |
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