| 词条 | Elizabeth Okie Paxton |
| 释义 |
| name = Elizabeth Okie Paxton | image = Elizabeth Okie Paxton, 1877-1971.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Elizabeth Vaughan Okie | birth_date = | birth_place = Providence, Rhode Island | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = American | education = Cowles Art School | known_for = Modern still life and interior paintings | notable_works = The Breakfast Tray | style = | movement = Modernism | spouse = William McGregor Paxton | awards = }}Elizabeth Okie Paxton (1877–1971){{#tag:ref|There are primary census, Massachusetts and Social Security death, and S.S. Lafayette (August 19, 1936) travel records that indicate that Elizabeth Okie Paxton was born on March 17, 1878 in Providence, Rhode Island and died on April 2, 1972 in Boston.|group="nb"}} was an American painter, married to another artist William McGregor Paxton (1869–1941). The Paxtons were part of the Boston School, a prominent group of artists known for works of beautiful interiors, landscapes, and portraits of their wealthy patrons. Her paintings were widely exhibited and sold well.[1] Early lifeElizabeth Vaughan Okie[2] was born in Providence, Rhode Island,[3] the daughter of Dr. Howard Okie (1846–1902)[4]{{#tag:ref|Howard Okie was born May 12, 1846 in Providence, Rhode Island.[5] He graduated from Brown University in 1866[3] and from Harvard in 1869.[5] He had a practice on Park Square in Boston by 1883.[4] He died on October 29, 1902 in Boston.[5]|group="nb"}} and Elizabeth Vaughn and had one sister Adele. EducationOkie Paxton studied painting at the Cowles Art School, with Joseph DeCamp and Ernest Major. She also took instruction from William McGregor Paxton, who had been a student at Cowles, during his brief tenure teaching at the school.[6][7] MarriageShe was engaged in 1896 to William McGregor Paxton,[6] one of her art instructors,[3] and married him on January 3, 1899.[2][8] Beginning in 1901, they traveled to Europe together.[6] They often spent their summers on Cape Cod and Cape Ann,[7] and lived in Newton, Massachusetts.[9] As a great beauty, she served as his muse before and during their marriage, modeling for many of his works,[10] like the painting in which she was dressed for the ball.[11] The couple had no children, instead focusing their creative energy on their work.[21] Okie Paxton put her emphasis on her husband's career, managing it before and after his death at the expense of her career.[12] She moved to Boston's Fenway Studios after her husband died.[7] William McGregor Paxton's papers—including sketches, correspondence, and photographs—are held at the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. The papers include Okie Paxton's correspondence about her paintings, exhibitions, and sales of her husband's works. It also contains sketches of her by Paxton.[13] CareerOf the Bostonian women artists born in the 19th century, most came from families that provided sufficient financial means to open their own studios and pay for their education. Fortunately, Boston was a city that had a number of great teachers who would teach women, including her husband, William Gregor Paxton; Edmund C. Tarbell; Philip Hale; and William Morris Hunt. Education for women occurred in separate classes and at a higher cost than that for men. Women often went on to study in Europe. Generally women stuck to domestic and still life scenes. Many women married late, regardless of when they married, they often struggled with managing the traditional roles of wife and mother with their career as an artist. Okie Paxton, considered by one art critic to be a better painter than her husband, "painted ravishing still lifes of moments in time". But like Lilian Westcott Hale, who was also a talented artist married to an artist, her career was less important than that of her husband.[14] Okie Paxton utilized light, texture, and color like that of other artists of the Boston School.[12] Her painting, Continental Breakfast, was shown at Rowland's in Boston and described on May 17, 1907, {{quote|...she has set forth a dainty little breakfast, daintily arranged on a crisp, clean white tablecloth; there is a silver coffee-pot, a coffee-cup and a saucer of thin white porcelain, with a light green rim, a brown breakfast roll, a dish of fruit containing a half of a grapefruit and a bunch of grapes, and a covered dish of blue and white hawthorn ware. All these things are painted with so much delicacy and loving care, they are so pretty in themselves, and they are so well related together, that it is a pleasure to look at them. It is a long time since we have seen a better piece of still life work.|Staff writer of the Boston Evening Transcript[15]}}The Breakfast Tray is a provocative bedroom scene. Rather than show pristine interiors typical of the Boston School, however, Okie Paxton depicted a sensual, messy environment, indicating a modern sensibility and sexuality of the occupants. Her work resembled Modernism, rather than the more traditional Boston School.[12] Another modern bedroom scene was used in a Wamsutta sheet advertisement.[16] Her work provided insight into a new emerging woman in the intimate details revealed in the painting: {{quote|The protagonist of The Breakfast Tray is a New Woman. She is educated and the beneficiary of improved health care. She advocates for women’s right to vote, to work outside the home, to go to the theater on her own, and to buy objects she uses to create an intimate space all her own, just as we see in The Breakfast Tray. But hers is not a world without men. She is finding new sexual freedom.|Rena Tobey[12]}}By shifting from interior scenes to still life works, Okie Paxton avoided competing with her husband's subjects.[12] Copper Jug with Apples is a still life of a table dressed with a white tablecloth upon which a copper-handled jug, three apples and a green cup and saucer. The painting was priced at $4,600 in 2011.[17] Exhibitions and collectionsOkie Paxton exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia in 1916 and 1917.[18][19] She showed in six Corcoran Gallery of Art biennials between 1912 and 1941[20][21] and ten exhibitions at the National Academy Museum and School.[22] In 1913, she exhibited The Breakfast Tray, which was called a "dainty yet sound canvas", at the National Academy.[23] She also exhibited at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 and won a silver medal for In the Morning.[24][25] Okie Paxton exhibited at the 1939 New York World's Fair. She was awarded the Ann Vaughan Hyatt (later Anna Hyatt Huntington) gold medal at the American Artists Professional League, New York, and the National Gold Medal at the Council of American Artists' Societies, New York, 1964.[26] Her works are held in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston;[27] Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, WA; and the Concord Art Association, Concord, MA.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} Because her works sold quickly to private collectors when exhibited, she is not well represented in public collections.[12] Legacy
Notes1. ^{{cite book|last=Fielding|first=Mantle|title=Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of America Painters, Sculptors & Engravers|year=1986|publisher=Apollo|location=Poughkeepsie, NY}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Carol Lowrey|title=A Legacy of Art: Paintings and Sculptures by Artist Life Members of the National Arts Club|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QkgvGYj34UMC&pg=PA164|year=2007|publisher=Hudson Hills|isbn=978-0-615-15499-2|page=164}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Henry Wadsworth Longfellow|title=The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZMjTxk5eDUC&pg=PA11|year=1982|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-52729-4|page=11}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Clark's Boston Blue Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ln0BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57|year=1883|page=57}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=William Roscoe Thayer|author2=William Richards Castle|author3=Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe, Arthur Stanwood Pier, Bernard Augustine De Voto, Theodore Morrison|title=The Harvard Graduates' Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDJYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328|year=1903|publisher=Harvard Graduates' Magazine Association|page=328}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Hirshler|first=Erica E.|title=A Studio of Her Own: Women Artists in Boston, 1870–1940|year=2001|publisher=Museum of Fine Arts Publications|location=Boston|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hR_qAAAAMAAJ|page=189}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www.newtonma.gov/gov/historic/exhibits/past/artists/artists/paxtoneo.asp | title=Elizabeth Vaughn Okie Paxton (1877–1971) | work=Historic Newton |publisher=Newton, Massachusetts government | accessdate=September 26, 2014 }} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Albert Nelson Marquis|title=Who's who in New England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g8sMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA830|year=1915|publisher=A.N. Marquis|page=830}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=The Artists Year Book: A Handy Reference Book Wherein May be Found Interesting Data Pertaining to Artists, and Their Studio, Home and Summer Addresses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJlIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA150|year=1905|publisher=Art League Publishing Association|page=150}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Paxton|first1=William McGregor |last2=Paxton |first2=Elizabeth Okie |title=William Paxton Papers, 1886–1971|journal=Archives of American Art Journal}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Honor Moore|title=The White Blackbird: A Life of the Painter Margarett Sargent by Her Granddaughter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Pf7lUGAMw4C&pg=PA87|date=18 May 2009|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=978-0-393-34437-0|page=87}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal | url=http://www.arttimesjournal.com/art/Art_Essays/summer-14-rena-tobey/elizabeth-okie-paxton.html# | title=Art Essay: Elizabeth Okie Paxton and The Breakfast Tray: The Modernity of a New Woman Artist | work=Art Times | date=Summer 2014 | author=Rena Tobey | accessdate=September 26, 2014 }} 13. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siarchives&uri=full=3100001~!209254~!0#focus | title=William McGregor Paxton papers, 1886–1971 | publisher=Smithsonian Institution Research Information Systems | work=Archives, Manuscripts, Photographs Catalog | accessdate=September 27, 2014 }} 14. ^{{cite news | title=Women Who Took Up Art When Most Women Did Not | date=August 22, 2001 | work=The Day | location=New London, Connecticut | author=Deborah Weisgall, New York Times News Service | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=20010822&id=KC4iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gnYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1353,5390936 | pages=C1, C4 }} 15. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2249&dat=19070517&id=bdw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=cFoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2068,2094570 |title=The Fine Arts: Boston Pictures at Rowland's | work=Boston Evening Transcript | date=May 17, 1907 |accessdate=September 27, 2014}} 16. ^{{cite journal|author1=Wamsutta Percale Sheets |author2=Pillow Cases advertisement |title=Bed, bed, delicious bed|journal=House & Garden|date=May 1930}} 17. ^{{cite book|title=Warman's Antiques & Collectibles 2011 Price Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwfFJOvGymkC&pg=PA61|date=30 March 2010|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=1-4402-0408-X|page=61}} 18. ^{{cite book|author=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts|title=Catalogue of the Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Dl7RMEflIIC&pg=PA43|year=1916|pages=43, 102 |quote=Exhibited Sick abed. Her address was 43 Elmwood Street, Newtown, Massachusetts; William's was Riverway Studios, Riverway, Boston. }} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts|title=Catalogue of the Annual Exhibition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tc8qAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47|year=1917|page=47 | quote=Exhibited In the Morning}} 20. ^{{cite book|last=Corcoran Gallery of Art|title=The Biennial Exhibition Record of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1907–1967|year=1991|publisher=Sound View Press|location=Madison, CT}} 21. ^{{cite book|author=Corcoran Gallery of Art|title=Exhibition: Oil Paintings by Contemporary American Artists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6saAAAAYAAJ&dq=Elizabeth+Paxton|year=1916|publisher=Corcoran Gallery of Art.}} 22. ^{{cite book|last=National Academy of Design (U.S.)|title=The Annual Exhibition Record of the National Academy of Design, 1901–1950|year=1990|publisher=Sound View Press|location=Madison, CT}} 23. ^{{cite book|author=Dana H. Carroll|title=Arts & Decoration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=105aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA228|date=May 1913|publisher=Adam Bunge|pages=227–228|chapter=Progress in the National Academy Exhibition}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Panama-Pacific International Exposition. 1915. Dept. of Fine Arts|title=Official Catalogue of the Department of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition (with Awards) San Francisco, California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugZDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA169|year=1915|publisher=Wahlgreen Company|page=169}} 25. ^{{cite book|title=Official Catalogue of Exhibitors: Division of Exhibits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=endAAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA27|year=1915|publisher=Division of Exhibits|pages=27 |quote=In the morning}} 26. ^{{cite book|title=The New Yorker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAgnAQAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=F-R Publishing Corporation|page=46}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/the-open-window-37403 |title=The Open Windown | publisher=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston | accessdate=September 27, 2014 }} 28. ^{{citation | author=Barbara Walker | title=Inside Boston Broadcast: Elizabeth Paxton | location=Boston, Massachusetts |date=April 25, 1943 }} 29. ^{{cite book|author=Judith A. Barter|title=Art and Appetite: American Painting, Culture, and Cuisine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qy5hAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA243|date=10 December 2013|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19623-8|pages=162–164}} 30. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.artic.edu/collections/books/art-and-appetite-american-painting-culture-and-cuisine | title=Art and Appetite: American Painting, Culture, and Cuisine | publisher=Art Institute of Chicago | accessdate=September 28, 2014 }} 31. ^{{ cite news | url=http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/arts/art/documents/01761937.htm | title=Hale, Hale: Time to celebrate Ellen Day, Lilian Westcott, and many more |work=Boston Phoenix | date=August 16–23, 2001 |accessdate=September 27, 2014 }} References{{reflist|30em}}Further reading
8 : 1877 births|1971 deaths|Artists from Providence, Rhode Island|American women painters|20th-century American painters|20th-century American women artists|Boston School (painting)|1939 New York World's Fair artists |
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