| 词条 | Queen Fabiola of Belgium | ||||
| 释义 |
| consort = yes | name = Fabiola de Mora y Aragón | succession = Queen consort of the Belgians | image = Fabiola of Belgium 1969.jpg | caption = Queen Fabiola on a state visit to Washington, D.C. in 1969 | reign = 15 December 1960 – 31 July 1993 | spouse = {{marriage|Baudouin of Belgium |15 December 1960|31 July 1993|end=d.}} | house = | full name = Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida | father = Gonzalo de Mora Fernández Riera del Olmo, Marqués de Casa Riera | mother = Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|6|11|df=y}} | birth_place = Zurbano Palace, Madrid, Spain[1] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|12|5|1928|6|11}} | death_place = Stuyvenberg Castle, Laeken, Brussels, Belgium | date of burial = 12 December 2014 | place of burial = Church of Our Lady of Laeken | religion = Roman Catholicism | Children = none }} Queen Fabiola of Belgium (born Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón on 11 June 1928 – 5 December 2014) was Queen of the Belgians from her marriage to King Baudouin in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II. Early lifeFabiola de Mora y Aragón was born in Madrid, Spain, at the Palacio Zurbano, the main residence of the Marqués de Casa Riera.[1] She was the sixth of seven children of Don Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández y Riera y del Olmo, 4th Marqués de Casa Riera, 2nd Count of Mora (1887–1957), and his wife, Doña Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz y Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío (1892–1981), daughter of the 6th Marchioness of Casa Torres[2] and Viscountess of Baiguer.[3] Her godmother was Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain.[3] Her brother was Jaime de Mora y Aragón. Before her marriage she published an album of 12 fairy tales (Los doce cuentos maravillosos), one of which ("The Indian Water Lilies") would get its own pavilion in the Efteling theme park in 1966.[4] MarriageOn 15 December 1960, Fabiola married Baudouin, who had been King of the Belgians since the abdication of his father, Leopold III, in 1951.[5][6] At the marriage ceremony in the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, she wore a 1926 Art Deco tiara that had been a gift of the Belgian state to her husband's mother, Astrid of Sweden, upon her marriage to Leopold III. Her dress of satin and ermine was designed by the couturier Cristóbal Balenciaga. Fabiola was a hospital nurse at the time of her engagement; TIME magazine, in its 26 September 1960, issue, called Doña Fabiola the "Cinderella Girl" and described her as "an attractive young woman, though no raving beauty" and "the girl who could not catch a man."[7] On the occasion of her marriage, Spanish bakers set out to honour Fabiola and created a type of bread, "la fabiola", which is still made in Palencia. The explorer Guido Derom named the Queen Fabiola Mountains – a newly discovered range of Antarctic mountains – in her honour in 1961.[8] She also has several varieties of ornamental plants named after her.{{cn|date=March 2019}} The royal couple had no children, as the Queen's five pregnancies ended in miscarriage in 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 and 1968.[3] Fabiola openly spoke about her miscarriages in 2008: 'You know, I myself lost five children. You learn something from that experience. I had problems with all my pregnancies, but you know, in the end I think life is beautiful'.[9] Queen dowagerBaudouin died in late July 1993 and was succeeded by his younger brother, Albert II. Fabiola moved out of the Royal Castle of Laeken to the more modest Stuyvenberg Castle and reduced her public appearances so as not to overshadow her sister-in-law, Queen Paola. Admired for her devout Roman Catholicism and involvement in social causes particularly those related to mental health, children's issues and women's issues,[10] Queen Fabiola received the 2001 Ceres Medal, in recognition of her work to promote rural women in developing countries. The medal was given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). She was also honorary president of the King Baudouin Foundation. In July 2009, the Belgian press published news of anonymous death threats she received stating she would be shot with a crossbow. She responded to the threats during Belgian National Day celebrations by waving an apple to the crowd in a reference to the William Tell folk tale.[11] Subsequent threats by an individual said to have a similar signature to the July 2009 threat-writer were received again in January 2010.[12] Tax avoidance claimsIn January 2013, the Socialist Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo criticised Queen Fabiola for her plans to set up a private foundation (Fons Pereos), which was widely seen by the public as inheritance tax evasion (although, since the construction was admitted by Di Rupo to be legal, it would more precisely be a case of tax avoidance). Queen Fabiola denied the charges in a rare public statement: "I have never had the intention of depositing funds I received from the public purse with my foundation. All the monies that I receive from the civil list go on expenditure on my household. The lion's share goes on salaries."[13][14] Linguistic skillsAccording to official sources, Queen Fabiola was fluent in French, Dutch, English, German and Italian, in addition to her native Spanish.[15] Illness and deathQueen Fabiola was hospitalised for 15 days with pneumonia beginning 16 January 2009, with her condition described as "serious".[16] She subsequently recovered and began attending public functions the following May. Queen Fabiola had been in poor health for years, suffering from osteoporosis, as well as having never fully recovered from a lung inflammation she had in 2009. On the evening of 5 December 2014, the Royal Palace announced that Queen Fabiola had died at Stuyvenberg Castle.[17] FuneralThe federal government declared a period of national mourning from Saturday 6 December to Friday 12 December, the day when the funeral of Queen Fabiola took place at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels.[18] The Royal Family, members of the government and the Lord Speaker received the coffin at the Royal Palace on 10 December where it was placed in the grand antechamber, where it was decorated with flowers and attended by an honour guard of generals, members of the King's Royal Military household.[19] Godfried Cardinal Danneels, Metropolitan Archbishop-emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels, celebrated the Requiem Mass. Members of several royal families around the world including the Empress of Japan, Queen of Denmark, King and Queen of Sweden, King of Norway accompanied by his sister Princess Astrid, King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain, Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, Empress Farah of Iran and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, attended the funeral. No members of the British Royal Family or the Monegasque Princely Family attended the funeral, leading to criticism by both Belgian and international press.[20][21] {{commons|Funeral of Queen Fabiola of Belgium}}Arms
Titles, styles and honoursTitles
HonoursNational honours
Foreign honours
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Fabiola de Mora y Aragón |2= 2. Gonzalo de Mora, 4th Marquis of Casa Riera |3= 3. Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz |4= 4. Gonzalo de Mora y Riera |5= 5. María de la Concepción Fernández del Olmo, 1st Countess of Mora |6= 6. Cesáreo de Aragón y Barroeta-Aldamar |7= 7. Blanca Carrillo de Albornoz, 6th Marquise of Casa Torres |8= 8. Vicente de Mora y Boet |9= 9. Rosa Riera y Rosés |10= 10. Tomás Vicente Fernández y Gurich |11= 11. Antonia Juliana Faustina del Olmo y Cándano |12= 12. Miguel de Aragón y García del Mazo |13= 13. María del Pilar de Barroeta-Aldamar y González de Echávarri |14= 14. Anastasio Carrillo de Albornoz, 5th Marquis of Casa Torres |15= 15. María Micaela de Elío y Magallón |16= 16. Pedro de Mora y Bellsoley |17= 17. Antonia Boet y Morera |18= 18. Antonio Jaime Francisco Riera y Morán |19= 19. Ana María Teresa Rosés y Díaz del Pedregal |20= 20. Victorio Fernández Lascoiti, 1st Papal Count of Lascoiti{{Verify source|date=October 2015}} |21= |22= |23= |24= 24. Manuel Miguel de Aragón e Ibáñez |25= 25. María de los Dolores García del Mazo y Tejo |26= 26. Joaquín Francisco de Barroeta-Aldamar y Hurtado de Mendoza |27= 27. Luisa María González de Echávarri y Fernández de la Cuesta |28= 28. Anastasio Carrillo de Albornoz y Arango |29= 29. Josefa Margarita de Cárdenas y Chaves |30= 30. Fausto León de Elío, 7th Marquis of Vesolla |31= 31. María Josefa de Magallón y Campuzano }} See also{{portal|Biography|Belgium|Royalty}}
Notes1. ^1 {{cite journal| url=http://www.hola.com/realeza/casa_belga/2014120575535/biografia-fabiola-de-belgica/| title=Del palacio Zurbano de Madrid a ser reina de los Belgas| work=¡Hola!| accessdate=26 June 2015|trans-title=Madrid Zurbano Palace resident became queen of the Belgians}} 2. ^{{cite web|trans-title=Ancestry of Fabiola de Mora y Aragon 1928 — 2014| title=Ascendientes de Fabiola de Mora y Aragon *1928 †2014| url=http://geneall.net/es/ancestors/7003/fabiola-de-mora-y-aragon/| publisher=GeneAll| accessdate=26 June 2015| language=Spanish}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11276728/Queen-Fabiola-of-the-Belgians-obituary.html | title=Queen Fabiola of the Belgians – obituary| work=The Daily Telegraph| location=London |date=5 December 2014| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web| title=De Indische waterlelies|trans-title=Indian water lilies| url=http://www.efteling.com/NL/sprookjesbos/Sprookjesbos-De-Indische-waterlelies.html| publisher=Efteling| accessdate=26 June 2015| language=Dutch}} 5. ^{{cite web| title=Belgium's dowager queen Fabiola dies aged 86|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30353761| work=BBC News| date=5 December 2014| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 6. ^{{cite encyclopedia| title=Baudouin I| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/56381/Baudouin-I| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online| accessdate=26 June 2015| date=11 June 2008| publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}} 7. ^{{cite web| title=BELGIUM: Cinderella Girl|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897603,00.html| accessdate=26 June 2015| date=26 September 1960| subscription=yes}} 8. ^{{cite web| title=Antarctica Detail| url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:0::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:12250|publisher=United States Geological Survey| date=26 June 2015| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web| language=Dutch| url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/Article/Detail.aspx?articleID=DMF21042008_144 |title=Koningin Fabiola had vijf miskramen |work=Het Nieuwsblad |date=21 April 2008 |accessdate=26 June 2015 |trans-title=Queen Fabiola had five miscarriages |location=Groot-Bijgaarden}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Queen Fabiola, Belgium's former queen, dies aged 86 |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141205/queen-fabiola-belgiums-former-queen-dies-aged-86 |work=GlobalPost |accessdate=5 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206192831/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141205/queen-fabiola-belgiums-former-queen-dies-aged-86 |archivedate=6 December 2014 |df=dmy }} 11. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/200907231701/queen-fabiola/national-day/death-threat-apple/1/ |title=Belgium's cool Queen Fabiola defies would-be assassins with jokey apple gesture |work=Hello! |date=23 July 2009 |accessdate=2013-01-13}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Belgian Queen receives wave of death threats |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belgium/7900549/Belgian-Queen-receives-wave-of-death-threats.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=20 July 2010 |accessdate=26 June 2015}} 13. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/01/2013111135855714791.html| title=Belgium PM slams queen over inheritance plan| work=Al Jazeera| date=11 January 2013| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 14. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belgium/9795969/Belgian-monarchy-rocked-by-Queen-Fabiola-tax-row.html|title=Belgian monarchy rocked by Queen Fabiola tax row| date=11 January 2013| work=The Daily Telegraph| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.monarchie.be/royal-family/queen-fabiola|title=Queen Fabiola 11/06/1928 - 05/12/2014| publisher=The Belgian Monarchy| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3658742,00.html |title=Belgium: Queen Fabiola in serious condition with pneumonia| work=Ynetnews |date=20 June 1995| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20141205_01413977| title=Koningin Fabiola overleden|trans-title=Queen Fabiola Dies| first=Bart| last=Van Belle| work=De Standaard| location=Groot-Bijgaarden| date=5 December 2014| accessdate=26 June 2015| language=Dutch}} 18. ^{{cite web| url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/News/1.2172372| title=7 days of national mourning installed| work=VRT| date=6 December 2014| accessdate=26 June 2015| language=Dutch}} 19. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/32325/Koningin-Fabiola-overleden/article/detail/2146970/2014/12/09/Koningspaar-groet-koningin-Fabiola.dhtml| title=Koningspaar groet koningin Fabiola|trans-title=Royal salute for Queen Fabiola| work=Het Laatste Nieuws| accessdate=11 December 2014| language=Dutch}} 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/binnenland/1.2178663| title=Veel hoge gasten, maar geen Britse royals in Brussel|trans-title=Many distinguished guests, but no British royals in Brussels| language=Dutch| date=12 December 2014| work=VRT| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 21. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2871364/Tears-loved-aunt-Belgian-European-royals-mourners-late-Queen-Fabiola-s-funeral-gets-underway.html| title=Tears for a beloved aunt: Belgium's royals join European monarchs as they bid farewell to Queen Fabiola| work=Daily Mail| last=Styles| first=Ruth| accessdate=26 June 2015| date=12 December 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1960/12/03/pdfs/A16674-16674.pdf| format=PDF| title=Ministerio de Asüncios Decreto 2235|trans-title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Decree 2235| work=Boletín Oficial del Estado| accessdate=26 June 2015| date=22 November 1960| language=Spanish}} 23. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.solardetejada.es/indice_diviseros.pdf| format=PDF| title=Indice de apellidos|trans-title=Index of Surnames| publisher=Solardetejada.es| accessdate=26 June 2015| language=Spanish}} 24. ^Monarquía Confidencial 25. ^Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola 26. ^Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola 27. ^http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nWIINtRGHnQ/UF4blcl7iBI/AAAAAAAACaA/CHek6yk6rDY/s1600/PAR278052.jpg 28. ^{{cite web| url=http://badraie.com/images/belgiumnspain.JPG| format=JPG| title=Photograph| publisher=Badraie.com| accessdate=11 December 2014}} 29. ^{{cite web| url=http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/17th-june-1961/20/news-notes-texts| title=News, Notes & Texts| work=The Tablet| accessdate=26 June 2015| date=17 June 1961| page=20}} 30. ^https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/3d/e5/c0/3de5c0000b2015db00368c15003ac6f6.jpg 31. ^{{cite web| url=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Qxq9iTGa0H0/TEnErtYElJI/AAAAAAAAErM/cHYCTf2VLuo/s400/Fabiola_Balduino_JuanXXIII_1960.jpg| format=JPG| title= Photo with Pope John XIII| publisher=Office of Protocol| accessdate=26 June 2015}} 32. ^https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Huwelijk_prinses_Beatrix_en_prins_Claus_%281966%29.jpg 33. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1|title=Ordens Honorfícas Portuguesas|trans-title=Portuguese Honors| publisher=President of Portugal| date=24 August 1982| accessdate=11 December 2014}} 34. ^Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola References{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}External links{{Commons}}
|-{{S-vac|last=Astrid of Sweden}}{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of the Belgians |years=1960–1993}}{{S-aft|after=Paola Ruffo di Calabria}}{{S-End}}{{Belgian consorts}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabiola Of Belgium, Queen}} 20 : 1928 births|2014 deaths|Belgian nurses|Naturalised citizens of Belgium|Spanish emigrants to Belgium|Belgian princesses|Belgian Roman Catholics|Belgian queens consort|Collectors of fairy tales|Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic|House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)|Nobility from Madrid|Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Queens consort|Spanish countesses|Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken|Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|Recipients of the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice|Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre|Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel |
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