| 词条 | Elwin Marg |
| 释义 |
|name = Elwin Marg |image = |birth_date = {{Birth date |1918|03|23|df=y}} |birth_place = Saint Louis, Missouri |death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|07|15|1918|03|23|df=y}} |death_place = Berkeley, California |residence = |citizenship = US |nationality = US |thesis_title = |thesis_year = |thesis_url = |ethnicity = |fields = Neuroscience Optometry |workplaces = University of California at Berkeley |alma_mater = University of California at Berkeley |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Electrooculogram Mackay-Marg Tonometer Minerva Foundation |awards = See text |religion = |signature = |footnotes = |website = }}Elwin Marg (23 March 1918 – 15 July 2010) was an American optometrist and neuroscientist at the University of California at Berkeley. He was the first to receive a PhD from UC Berkeley School of Optometry. It was he who gave the name electrooculogram, a technique for measurement of nerve impulse in the eye.[1] He developed an improved tonometer that avoided use of anaesthetics for the first time in optometrical diagnosis. With his wife he established a non-profit neuroscience organisation, the Minerva Foundation in 1983.[2] Early life and educationElwin Marg studied at the School of Optometry of the UC Berkeley. He entered an undergraduate course in 1938. In 1940, he received an AB in physiological optometry and a Certificate in Optometry. He completed PhD in 1950.[2] Professional careerDuring the Second World War, Elwin Marg served as a communications officer in the U.S. Air Force with postings in Ireland, Tunisia, and Italy. During the Korean War he was reinstated for research at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. He availed two sabbatical leaves at the Nobel Institute of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, working with Ragnar Granit, future Nobel laureate, in 1956 and 1964, the latter under a Guggenheim Fellowship.[2] He spent the rest of his career at UC Berkeley till his retirement in 1988. First as an instructor in optometry in 1950, then as an assistant professor of physiological optics and optometry in 1951, an associate professor in 1956, and finally full professor in 1962. He published 99 technical papers in various areas. In collaboration with R. Stuart Mackay, an electrical engineer at UC Berkeley, he completed a design of tonometer, a device for measuring intraocular pressure, in 1959.[3] This groundbreaking instrument was named Mackay-Marg Tonometer, after the developers.[4][5] This new tool did not require an anaesthetic and thus, for the first time, allowed optometrists to measure intraocular pressure more conveniently.[6] In 1951 Marg described and named electrooculogram for a technique of measuring the resting potential of the retina in the human eye.[1][7] Personal lifeElwin Marg died in Berkeley in 2010, survived by his daughter Tamia Marg Anderson. His wife Helen had predeceased him in 2001.[2] Awards and honours
References1. ^1 {{cite web| author=Donnell J. Creel |title=The Electroretinogram and Electro-oculogram: Clinical Applications |date= July 2011| url= http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/electrophysiology/the-electroretinogram-clinical-applications/ |work= Webvision |publisher= |accessdate= 4 September 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author= Gerald Westheimer|title= IN MEMORIAM: Elwin Marg|date= 2010|url= http://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/inmemoriam/elwinmarg.html|work= senate.universityofcalifornia.edu|publisher= University of California|accessdate= 4 September 2013|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140907004303/http://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/inmemoriam/elwinmarg.html|archivedate= 7 September 2014|df= }} 3. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Mackay RS, Marg E |title= Fast, automatic, electronic tonometers based on an exact theory |url= |journal= Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) |volume=37 |issue= | pages= 495–507 |year= 1959 |pmid= 14419489|doi= 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1959.tb03461.x}} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Moses RA, Marg E, Oechsli R |title= Evaluation of the basic validity and clinical usefulness of the Mackay-Marg tonometer |url= |journal= Invest Ophthalmol |volume= 1|issue= 2 | pages= 78–85 |year=1962 |pmid= 14476464|doi= }} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Mackay RS, Marg E, Oechsli R |title= Automatic tonometer with exact theory: various biological applications |url= |journal=Science |volume=131 |issue= 3414 | pages= 1668–1669 |year= 1960 |pmid= 14419488|doi= 10.1126/science.131.3414.1668}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=In Memoriam |date= 2 October 2010| url=http://www.neuro-com.es/NeuroscienceCommunication/Blog/Entradas/2010/11/2_In_Memoriam.html |work= www.neuro-com.es |publisher= Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona |accessdate= 4 September 2013}} 7. ^{{cite journal |author= Marg E |title= Development of electro-oculography; standing potential of the eye in registration of eye movement |url= |journal= AMA Arch Ophthalmol |volume=45 |issue= 2 | pages= 169–185 |year= 1951|pmid= 14799014|doi= 10.1001/archopht.1951.01700010174006}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Elwin Marg: 1963: Neuroscience |date= |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/9370-elwin-marg |work=www.gf.org |publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |accessdate=4 September 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904101315/http://www.gf.org/fellows/9370-elwin-marg |archivedate=4 September 2013 |df= }} External links
5 : 1918 births|2010 deaths|American neuroscientists|University of California, Berkeley alumni|American biologists |
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