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释义 |
| name = Queensland Rail | logo = Queensland Rail.png | logo_size = 250px | logo_caption = | image = Oldest_and_newest_QR_unit.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Queensland Rail's oldest and newest electric rolling stock. An EMU and an NGR at Altandi station. | type = | traded_as = | predecessor = | successor = | founder = | defunct = | fate = | area_served = Queensland | key_people = Nick Easy (CEO) | industry = Railway operator | products = | production = | services = | revenue = $1,881 million (2016/17) | operating_income = $325 million (2016/17) | net_income = $101 million (2016/17) | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = 6,520 (June 2017) | parent = Queensland Government | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|queenslandrail.com.au}} | romanized = | former type = | foundation = 31 July 1865 | location_city = Brisbane, Queensland | location_country = Australia | locations = }} Queensland Rail, also known as QR, is a railway operator in Queensland, Australia. Owned by the Queensland Government, it operates suburban and long-distance passenger services, as well as owning and maintaining approximately 6,600 kilometres of track. QR also was responsible for all Queensland freight services and from 2002 operated interstate services under the Australian Railroad Group, Interail and QR National brands. These were all spun out into a separate entity in July 2010 and later privatised as Aurizon. HistoryBeginnings{{Main|Construction of Queensland railways}}Queensland Railways was the first operator in the world to adopt narrow gauge (in this case {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on|disp=or}}) for a main line,[1] and this remains the systemwide gauge within Queensland today. The colony of Queensland separated from New South Wales in 1859, and the new government was keen to facilitate development and immigration. Improved transport to the fertile Darling Downs region situated west of Toowoomba was seen as a priority. As adequate river transport was already established between the capital Brisbane and the then separate settlement of Ipswich, the railway commenced from the latter locality and the initial section, built over relatively flat, easy country opened to Bigge's Camp, at the eastern base of the Little Liverpool Range, on 31 July 1865. Called the Main Line, the only significant engineering work on that section was the bridge over the Bremer River to North Ipswich. Tunneling excavation through the Little Liverpool Range delayed the opening of the next section to Gatton by 10 months, but the line was opened to Toowoomba in 1867, the ascent of the Main Range being the reason for the adoption of narrow gauge. Built by the Queensland Government to the unusual (for the time) gauge of {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}}, the line largely followed the alignment surveyed by a private company, the Moreton Bay Tramway Company, which had proposed to build a {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}} horse-drawn tramway but had been unable to raise funds to do so beyond an initial start on earthworks. The adoption of narrow gauge was controversial at the time, and was largely predicated by the government's desire for the fastest possible construction timeframe at least cost.[2] This resulted in adoption of sharper curves and a lower axle load than was considered possible using standard gauge, and an assessment at the time put the cost of a narrow gauge line from Ipswich to Toowoomba at 25% of the cost of a standard gauge line. In a colony with a non-indigenous population of 30,000 when the decision was made, it is understandable. The network evolved as a series of isolated networks. It wasn't until the completion of the North Coast line in December 1924 that all were joined.[3] The exception was the Normanton to Croydon line which always remained isolated. At its peak in 1932, the network totaled 10,500 kilometres. Changing transport patterns resulted in the closure of many development branch lines from 1948 onwards, but at the same time the main lines were upgraded to provide contemporary services, and from the 1970s an extensive network of new lines was developed, particularly to service export coal mines. Electrification{{Main|Rail electrification in Queensland}}Commencing in November 1979 the Brisbane suburban network was electrified. In 1978, discussions were commenced on possible electrification of the Blackwater and Goonyella coal networks. This was due to an expected increase in coal traffic across the networks, ageing diesel-electric locomotive fleet and the increase in diesel fuel costs. By early 1983, a decision had been made to electrify the networks and by early 1984 contracts were already starting to be let for the new locomotives and other works for the project. The decision was made to electrify with the 25 kV AC railway electrification system as used on the Brisbane suburban network. This would allow future connection of the Brisbane network with the coal networks via the North Coast line. The project was to be carried out in four stages:[4] Stage 1: Electrification of the main line from Gladstone to Rockhampton, including parts of Rockhampton marshalling yard, then west to Blackwater and the coal mines in the area. This was a total of {{convert|720|km|mi}} of track. Stage 2: Electrification of the coal lines south of Dalrymple Bay and Hay Point, then west through the Goonyella system, south-west to Blair Athol and south to Gregory – linking the Goonyella system to the Blackwater system. This was a total of {{convert|773|km|mi}} of track. Stage 3: Electrification of the main western line from Burngrove to Emerald. This would allow electric freight from Rockhampton to Emerald. Stage 4: Electrification of the line from Newlands coal mine to Collinsville and north-east to Abbott Point. This stage never went ahead. In 1986 it was decided to electrify the North Coast line between Brisbane and Gladstone instead and this became known as Stage 4.[5][6] Interstate expansionIn September 1999 Queensland Rail was rebranded as QR.[7] In March 2002 Queensland Rail purchased Northern Rivers Railroad and rebranded it Interail, fulfilling a long-held ambition of to expand beyond its state borders.[8][9] In March 2003 Queensland Rail entered the Hunter Valley coal market when Interail commenced a contract from Duralie Colliery to Stratford Mine. Another coal contract was won in late 2003 for the haulage of coal from Newstan Colliery, Fassifern to Vales Point Power Station. In 2004 Interail began running Brisbane to Melbourne and Sydney to Melbourne intermodal services. In June 2005 Queensland Rail acquired the CRT Group.[10] In June 2006 the Western Australian business of the Australian Railroad Group was purchased.[11][12][13] Privatisation and current era{{Main|Public float of QR National}}In June 2009 the Queensland Government announced the privatisation of Queensland Rail's freight business.[14][15] This resulted in Queensland Rail's freight assets being transferred to QR National (now Aurizon) from 1 July 2010. In April 2013 the Queensland Parliament passed the Queensland Rail Transit Authority Bill 2013 that restructured Queensland Rail.[16] The explanatory notes published for the bill outlined that the existing Queensland Rail Limited entity would remain although no longer be a Government Owned Corporation and that entity would become a subsidiary of a new Queensland Rail Transit Authority (QRTA), in effect creating a Queensland Rail group. Under the revised arrangements Queensland Rail Limited retained assets and liabilities and staff were transferred to the QRTA.[17] As a result of transferring the staff to the QRTA, the government moved those employees from the federal industrial relations system to the state based industrial relations system, giving the state more control over industrial arrangements.[17][18] In November 2013 five labor unions commenced legal proceedings in the High Court of Australia alleging that the QRTA was subject to the federal industrial jurisdiction rather than the state system.[18] In April 2015 the court ruled the QRTA was subject to the Fair Work Act 2009 and the federal industrial relations jurisdiction.[19] Company OfficersCommissionersThe Commissioners of the Queensland Railways were:
Chief Executive Officers
ServicesCity network{{main|Queensland Rail City network}}QR operates urban and interurban rail and bus services throughout South East Queensland as part of the TransLink network. Rail services operate on twelve lines; Beenleigh, Caboolture, Cleveland, Doomben, Exhibition, Ferny Grove, Gold Coast, Ipswich-Rosewood, Redcliffe Peninsula, Shorncliffe, Springfield and Sunshine Coast. QR operate these with the Electric Multiple Units (EMU), Suburban Multiple Units (SMU), Interurban Multiple Units (IMU), InterCity Express (ICE) and New Generation Rollingstock (NGR) class electric multiple units.[49] Due to low patronage, the Corinda to Yeerongpilly and Doomben to Pinkenba lines have had their services replaced by buses, while due to capacity constraints, services on the Sunshine Coast between Caboolture and Nambour are supplemented by a bus service. {{see also|Railways in South East Queensland}}Long-distance trainsQueensland Rail operate these long-range passenger rail services[50]
Connecting road coach services are operated.[51] Annual patronage for these services in 2011/12 was 795,000.[52] In 2007/08, the subsidy for the Brisbane-Cairns route was $130 million, or $900 per passenger. In 2001/02 it was $270 million.[53][54] Tourist trainsQueensland Rail also operate these tourist trains:[50]
Former servicesQueensland Rail operated many named trains including:
Rolling stockQR sourced steam locomotives from many manufacturers including Armstrong Whitworth, Avonside Engine Company, Beyer, Peacock & Company, Dübs & Co, Kitson & Co, Nasmyth, Wilson & Co, Neilson and Company, North British Locomotive Company, Vulcan Foundry and Yorkshire Engine Company all of the United Kingdom, Baldwin Locomotive Works of the United States, as well as Australian manufacturers Clyde Engineering, Evans, Anderson, Phelan & Co, Islington Railway Workshops, Newport Workshops, Phoenix Engine Company, Toowoomba Foundry and Walkers Limited. It also built some in-house at North Ipswich Railway Workshops.[58] Dieselisation commenced in 1952 with early purchases being imported from GE Transportation and English Electric, before standardising on locally made products from A Goninan & Co, Clyde Engineering, English Electric and Walkers Limited. Electric locomotives were purchased from Clyde Engineering, Walkers Limited and Siemens. Electric multiple units have been purchased from Walkers Limited, Downer Rail and Bombardier Transportation, the latter of two which are still present in Queensland to this day. Fleet
WorkshopsFrom its inception, QR's primary workshops were the North Ipswich Railway Workshops. It was replaced by the Redbank Railway Workshops in the 1960s. Incidents{{recentism|date=September 2018|reason=2 recent events with no fatalities listed, yet none that resulted in many lives being lost}}{{Main|Railway accidents in Queensland}}Notable incidents involving Queensland Rail include:
Criticism and controversySunlander 14 and Traveltrain RenewalIn December 2014 the Queensland Audit Office published a report about QR's Sunlander 14 project. The Sunlander 14 project had a scope to acquire a total of 25 carriages to replace The Sunlander passenger train with a new Diesel Tilt Train, purchase additional luxury cars for the two existing Diesel Tilt Trains and refurbish their existing carriages. The project was initially costed at $195 million and allowed for the operation of five services a week. However, costs had risen by 2012, and the Queensland Auditor-General reported that the eventual cost would be from $358 to $404 million, because QR had failed to take into account the requirement for upgraded maintenance facilities, as well as en route provisioning.[66] The Auditor-General also believed, due to issues with the business case that QR had overestimated how popular the new service would be, and had a mistaken belief that the 'luxury' component of the train would attract more high-paying customers.[67] In 2013 the project was scaled back, with the train length being reduced to nine cars by removing the luxury sleepers and restaurant cars. That resulted in a revised project cost of $204 million. The Auditor-General's report in particular highlighted that due to the fixed-price construction contract the cost per train car increased and that opportunities were missed to pursue broader long distance train fleet renewal.[66] Redcliffe Peninsula railway line and subsequent driver shortages{{overly detailed|date=September 2018}}The Redcliffe Peninsula railway line opened on 4 October 2016 and created a revised timetable that resulted in a 9% increase in services across the network.[68] Queensland Rail did not have sufficient traincrew to operate the increased services. On 21 October a substantial interruption of service occurred involving the cancellation without notice of 167 services (12% of the scheduled services for the day) due to compulsory rest periods required for the train crew (a break of at least 32 hours required when a crew member has worked 11 consecutive days or 14 consecutive shifts).[68] Following the service interruptions the head of the train service delivery unit was stood down[69] and an interim timetable implemented that reversed the increase in services and demand for traincrew.[68] Several weeks after the service interruptions Queensland Rail CEO Helen Gluer announced her resignation from the company, along with chairman Michael Klug.[70] It was announced on 27 October 2016, that the Director-General of the Department of Transport and Main Roads, Neil Scales, would replace Helen Gluer and that an inquiry known as the Queensland Rail Train Crewing Practices Investigation would be led by Phillip Strachan into the events.[71] On 25 December 2016 another substantial service cancellation event occurred due to a lack of available traincrew to operate the services.[72][73] On that day 261 services, or 36% of scheduled services did not operate.[68] The underlying reason for the cancellations was a lack of available drivers to operate services. Queensland Rail's Chief Operating Officer resigned several days later.[73] The inquiry into Queensland Rail's train crewing conducted by Phillip Strachan was completed in February 2017. The report made a number of findings and provided 36 recommendations that the Queensland Government accepted. The findings included that Queensland Rail had experienced a 9% increase in demand for traincrew due to the revised timetable while also experiencing a 7% decrease in traincrew productivity as a result of revised industrial arrangements, had intentionally operated for a number of years with an under-supply of traincrew and utilised the shortfall to provide paid overtime opportunities, had reduced traincrew intake during 2014-15 in the lead-up to the opening of the new line, had restrictions on external recruitment and had a longer driver training period than like organisations.[68] The report also highlighted unclear governance arrangements and a short term focus within the operations section that relied on intuition rather than accurate forecasting and a reluctance to share bad news as contributing factors.[74][68] The recommendations from the report centered around demand management, supply management, people and process management and governance arrangements.[68] Following the completion of the Strachan inquiry Philip Strachan was appointed as Chair of the Queensland Rail Board replacing Acting Chair Nicole Hollows[75], who had been appointed following the resignation Michael Klug.[76] A Citytrain Response Unit was established within the Department of Transport and Main Roads to oversee the implementation of the recommendations from the Strachan inquiry.[77] The Citytrain Response Unit subsequently commissioned a whole of business review into the organisation that was conducted by Deutsche Bahn and delivered in July 2017[78] and published reports tracking the progress of the implementation of the recommendations.[79] Executive bonus payments were also suspended for 2017.[80] See also{{Portal|Queensland}}
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Traveltrain|publisher=The Courier-Mail|first=Steven|last=Wardill|date=26 December 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229133124/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24844502-3102,00.html|archivedate=29 December 2008|df=dmy-all}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24850081-3102,00.html|title=$900-a-ticket subsidy for tilt train to remain, says Anna Bligh|publisher=The Courier Mail|author=Patrick Lion|date=28 December 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230032510/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24850081-3102,00.html|archivedate=30 December 2008|df=dmy-all}} 55. ^Luxury train stuck in limbo ABC News 3 October 2010 56. ^[https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/business-industry/Transport-sectors/Rail-services-and-infrastructure/Rail-Transport-Contracts-and-Agreements Savannahlander] Department of Transport & Main Roads 57. ^Sunlander Farewell: Brisbane to Cairns service makes final journey after 61 years and 3.5 million passenger journeys ABC News 30 December 2014 58. ^{{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=John|title=Locomotives in the Tropics Volume 1|date=1985|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|location=Brisbane|isbn=0 909937 13 3|pages=32, 97}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Learning+Resources/~/media/Documents/Learning%20resources/TWRM/Fact%20sheets/governors-car-fs.pdf|title=The Vice-Regal Car (Special car 445)|publisher=Queensland Museum}} 60. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2004/rair/rair2004007/|title=Investigation: 2004007 - Derailment of Cairns Tilt Train VCQ5, Berajondo, Qld, 15 November 2004|last=|first=|date=|website=Australian Transport Safety Bureau|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-22}} 61. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.qrig.org/motive-power/self-propelled-passenger-stock/electric-multiple-units/walkersadtranz-electric-multiple-unit-emu|title=Walkers/Adtranz Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) « qrig.org – queensland railway's interest group|language=en|access-date=2019-01-24}} 62. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2013/rair/ro-2013-005.aspx|title=Investigation: RO-2013-005 - Collision of passenger train T842 with station platform Cleveland, Qld, 31 January 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=Australian Transport Safety Bureau|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-22}} 63. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1985/1985_04_10.pdf|title=Electric Train Collision, Beenleigh Line|last=|first=|date=10 April 1985|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=24 January 2019}} 64. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122505132|title=Two dead in head-on Brisbane train smash|date=1985-03-24|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2019-01-24|pages=3}} 65. ^{{Cite 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"[https://www.qao.qld.gov.au/files/file/Reports%20and%20publications/Reports%20to%20Parliament%202014-15/RtP8TraveltrainrenewalSunlander14.pdf Traveltrain renewal: Sunlander 14. Report 8: 2014-15]" (PDF). Retrieved 28 December 2014. 67. ^Chris O'Brien and Kym Agius (9 December 2014). "Auditor-General delivers scathing report on project to replace the Sunlander train". ABC News. Retrieved 28 December 2014. 68. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web|url=https://www.strachaninquiry.qld.gov.au/assets/commission-of-inquiry-report-trains-crewing-report.pdf|title=Queensland Rail Train Crewing Practices Commission of Inquiry Final Report|last=|first=|date=2017|website=Queensland Rail Train Crewing Practices Commission of Inquiry|page=|pages=2-9|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=22 May 2018}} 69. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/brisbane-trains-queensland-rail-executive-sacked-as-inquiry-begins-20161025-gsagqw.html|title=Brisbane trains: Queensland Rail executive sacked as inquiry begins|last=|first=|date=25 October 2016|website=Brisbane Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=22 May 2018}} 70. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-27/qr-boss-resigns-over-cancellation-scandal/7972494|title=Queensland Rail boss, chairman resign over driver crisis|date=27 October 2016|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=27 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028020142/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-27/qr-boss-resigns-over-cancellation-scandal/7972494|archivedate=28 October 2016|deadurl=no|language=en-AU|df=dmy-all}} 71. ^{{Cite news|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2016/10/27/acting-ceo-for-queensland-rail-and-investigation-terms-of-reference-released|title=Acting CEO for Queensland Rail and investigation terms of reference released|last=|first=|date=27 October 2016|work=Queensland Government Media Statements|access-date=21 May 2018}} 72. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-25/150-christmas-day-train-services-cancelled-across-south-east/8147546|title=Queensland Rail cancels Christmas Day train services across south east|last=Casey|first=Briggs|date=26 December 2016|work=ABC News|access-date=21 May 2018}} 73. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-29/queensland-rail-chief-operating-officer-resigns/8152592|title=QR chief operating officer, roster boss Kevin Wright quits|last=Burke|first=Gail|date=30 December 2016|work=ABC News|access-date=21 May 2018}} 74. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/queensland-rail-strachan-inquiry-what-went-wrong-who-is-to-blame-and-whats-next-20170206-gu6rox.html|title=Queensland Rail Strachan inquiry: What went wrong, who is to blame and what's next|last=Caldwell|first=Felicity|date=6 February 2017|work=|newspaper=Brisbane Times|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213013418/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/queensland-rail-strachan-inquiry-what-went-wrong-who-is-to-blame-and-whats-next-20170206-gu6rox.html|archive-date=13 February 2017|dead-url=no|via=|df=dmy-all}} 75. ^{{Cite web|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/2/6/phillip-strachan-to-be-new-queensland-rail-chairman|title=Phillip Strachan to be new Queensland Rail Chairman|last=|first=|date=6 February 2017|website=Queensland Government Media Statements|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 May 2018}} 76. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.themandarin.com.au/72043-queensland-rail-takeover/|title=Queensland Rail CEO, chair decouple as Transport DG takes controls|last=Bajkowski|first=Julian|date=28 October 2016|work=The Mandarin|access-date=21 May 2018}} 77. ^{{Cite web|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/2/6/shakeup-coming-for-queensland-rail-on-the-path-back-to-better-services|title=Shakeup coming for Queensland Rail on the path back to better services|last=|first=|date=6 February 2017|website=Queensland Government Media Statements|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 May 2018}} 78. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cru.qld.gov.au/-/media/CRU/QR-Whole-of-Business-Review.pdf?la=en|title=Whole of Business Review of Queensland Rail|last=DB Engineering & Consulting|first=|date=July 2017|website=Citytrain Response Unit|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 May 2018}} 79. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cru.qld.gov.au/Reports|title=Citytrain Response Unit Reports|last=|first=|date=|website=Citytrain Response Unit|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 May 2018}} 80. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.railexpress.com.au/trad-axes-rail-boss-bonuses/|title=Trad axes rail boss bonuses|last=Probert|first=Oliver|date=10 October 2017|work=Rail Express|access-date=21 May 2018}} External links
12 : Companies based in Brisbane|Government-owned companies of Queensland|Government railway authorities of Australia|Locomotive manufacturers of Australia|Passenger railway companies of Australia|Railway companies established in 1865|Railway infrastructure companies of Australia|Rail transport in Queensland|TransLink (South East Queensland)|1865 establishments in Australia|25 kV AC railway electrification|3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Australia |
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