“Emergency War Plan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Emergency War Plan refers to a nation's policy for after an emergency such as an outbreak of war or a natural disaster.

United States

The "Halfmoon" Joint Emergency War Plan prepared after the 1948 Bikini Atoll nuclear tests, proposed{{when|date=August 2013}} dropping 50 atomic bombs on 20 Soviet cities,{{r|Rosenberg}}{{rp |68}} and President Harry S. Truman approved "Halfmoon" during the June 1948 Berlin Blockade{{r|Rosenberg}}{{rp |68–9}} (Truman sent B-29s to Europe in July).^[1]

Emergency War Plan 1–49 was created by Strategic Air Command for delivering 133 atomic bombs, "the entire stockpile…in a single massive attack" on 70 Soviet cities over{{specify|reason=Did the plan have any SAC bombers returning for additional sorties during the 30 days?|date=August 2013}} 30 days.^[2] According to Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety by Eric Schlosser, seven atomic bombs were to be used on Leningrad, and eight were to be used on Moscow.^[3]

U.S. Joint Outline Emergency War Plan, approved in September 1952, called for withdrawing from the Rhine to the Pyrennes and from Northern Europe to Norway after the strike from SAC, while also striving to hold Southern Italy.^[4]

References

1. ^{{cite report |last=Weitze |first=Karen J. |date=November 1999 |title=Cold War Infrastructure for Strategic Air Command: The Bomber Mission |url=http://cryptocomb.org/Cold%20War%20Infrastructure%20for%20Strategic%20Air%20Command-The%20Bomber%20Mission.pdf |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers |accessdate=2013-08-15 |quote=The first six B-36s arrived at Sidi Slimane, another SAC base built in French Morocco, in early December 1951, completing their 5,000-mile training flight from Carswell Air Force Base ... SAC built approximately 50 to 60 of its second generation bomber maintenance hangars at approximately 46 Air Force installations in the U.S. and internationally between 1952 and 1955}}
2. ^{{cite book |last=Englehardt |first=Tom |year=2007 |title=The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America… |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGtlrotHe2AC&pg=PA155 |accessdate=2012-08-14}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Schlosser|first1=Eric|title=Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety|date=2013|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=1594202273}}
4. ^Robert R. Bowie; Richard H. Immerman (2000). Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–. {{ISBN|978-0-19-514048-4}}.

1 : Strategic Air Command