“Queen Square, London”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Queen Square is a garden square in the Bloomsbury district of central London. Many of its buildings are associated with medicine, particularly neurology.

Construction

Queen Square was originally constructed between 1716 and 1725. It was formed from the garden of the house of Sir John Cutler baronet (1608–1693), whose last surviving child, Lady Radnor, died in 1697 leaving no issue. It was left open to the north for the landscape formed by the hills of Hampstead and Highgate.

Queen Charlotte and treatment for George III

The square was previously named Queen Anne's Square because a statue contained within it was misidentified as depicting Queen Anne. This statue is now believed to be a portrayal of Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III.

George III was treated for mental illness in a house in Queen Square towards the end of his reign. The public house on the southwest corner of the square, called "the Queen’s Larder", was, according to legend, used by Queen Charlotte to store food for the king during his treatment.

The church, dedicated to St George the Martyr, was built following public subscription in 1706. The church's rector from 1747 to 1765 was the famous antiquary William Stukeley, whose rectory was next to the residence of the Duke of Powis.^[1]

Late 19th century

Built in the early 18th century as a fashionable area, by the mid-19th century it had attracted many French refugees and the shops of sundry booksellers and print sellers. It became a favoured centre for charitable institutions, including the Roman Catholic Aged Poor Society at #31, and the Society of St Vincent de Paul.^[2]

Gradually the mansions were turned into hospitals and other institutions.^[1] The first institution which is still in the square was started by Johanna Chandler in 1860.^[3] Elizabeth Malleson started the Working Women's College here in 1864.^[4]

The College of Preceptors (also known as the College of Teachers) occupied #42 Queen Square from 1855 until 1887.^[5]

20th and 21st centuries

Many of the buildings surrounding the square are devoted to providing, researching and administering health care. Two hospitals, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), often referred to synechdochally as "Queen Square", and the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine (formerly the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital), make up the east side of the square. The Institute of Neurology, part of University College London (UCL), is located in the north east corner of the square. The former Institute for Public Health takes up much of the north side - the building is now used as the administrative centre for the NHNN and Institute of Neurology.

Several buildings on the west side of the square are devoted to medical research and are part of the Institute of Neurology and other departments of UCL. These include Alexandra House at number 17, which houses the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit. The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging (commonly referred to as the Functional Imaging Laboratory) is located at number 12. Numbers 8-11, the Sir Charles Symmonds House, houses the Dementia Research Centre on the first floor and the Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases on the ground floor.

At the southern end of the square is the church mentioned above, the Mary Ward Centre for adult education, and the former Italian Hospital,^[6] now part of Great Ormond Street Hospital for children (whose main buildings are in Great Ormond Street, off Queen Square).

A women-only Turkish bath operated in Queen Square from 1930 to 1962. The site is now occupied by the Imperial Hotel.^[7]

One of the buildings, the Sobell Department, contains a lecture theatre used by UCL for postgraduate teaching. With 220 seats, it is one of the largest lecture theatres in Queen Square. It has an important past, having welcomed famed scientists such as John Hardy ^[8] and John Fox^[9]. Its wear and tear, evident through malfunctioning desks inter alia, highlights this history.

Notable residents

References

1. ^¹'Queen Square and Great Ormond Street', Old and New London: Volume 4 (1878), pp. 553-564
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Benham, ed|first1=William|title=Dictionary of Religion|date=1887|publisher=Cassel|location=London|page=976|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-gWAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
3. ^Jennett Humphreys, ‘Chandler, Johanna (1820–1875)’, rev. Patrick Wallis, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 7 Dec 2014
4. ^Owen Stinchcombe, ‘Malleson , Elizabeth (1828–1916)’, rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 29 July 2015
5. ^{{cite web|title=UCL Bloomsbury Project|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/bloomsbury-project/institutions/college_preceptors.htm}}
6. ^
7. ^http://www.queensquare.org.uk/archives/record/QSA/15196
8. ^Accounts from past students
9. ^Accounts from past students
10. ^{{cite web|title=AIM25: Archives in London and the M25 area|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/8/7105.htm}}
11. ^{{Cite book|title=Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph|last=Ronalds|first=B.F.|publisher=Imperial College Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-78326-917-4|location=London|pages=}}