| 词条 | Quercus montana |
| 释义 |
| name = Chestnut oak | image = Chestnut Oak in Weiser State Forest.JPG | image_caption = Chestnut oak in Weiser State Forest | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | genus = Quercus | display_parents = 2 | parent = Quercus sect. Quercus | species = montana | authority = Willd. | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1][2] | range_map = Quercus prinus range map.jpg | range_map_caption = Natural range }}Quercus montana, the chestnut oak, is a species of oak in the white oak group, Quercus sect. Quercus. It is native to the eastern United States, where it is one of the most important ridgetop trees from southern Maine southwest to central Mississippi, with an outlying northwestern population in southern Michigan. It is also sometimes called "rock oak" because of its presence in montane and other rocky habitats. As a consequence of its dry habitat and ridgetop exposure, it is not usually a large tree, typically {{convert|18|–|22|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall; occasional specimens growing in better conditions can however become large, with trees up to {{convert|40|–|43|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall known. They tend to have a similar spread of {{convert|18|–|22|m|ft|abbr=on}}. A 10-year-old sapling grown in full sun will stand about {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. This species is often an important canopy species in an oak-heath forest.[3][4] Taxonomy and nomenclatureExtensive confusion between the chestnut oak (Quercus montana) and the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) has occurred, and some botanists have considered them to be the same species in the past. The name Quercus prinus was long used by many botanists and foresters for either the chestnut oak or the swamp chestnut oak, with the former otherwise called Q. montana or the latter otherwise called Q. michauxii. The application of the name Q. montana to the chestnut oak is now accepted, since Q. prinus is of uncertain position, unassignable to either species.[5][6][7][8] The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.[9] DescriptionThe chestnut oak is readily identified by its massively-ridged dark gray-brown bark, the thickest of any eastern North American oak. The leaves are {{convert|12|–|20|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6|–|10|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} broad, shallowly lobed with 10–15 rounded lobes on each margin; they are virtually identical to the leaves of swamp chestnut oak and chinkapin oak, but the trees can readily be distinguished by the bark, that of the chinkapin oak being a light ash-gray and somewhat peeling like that of the white oak and that of swamp chestnut oak being paler ash-gray and scaly. The chinkapin oak also has much smaller acorns than the chestnut oak. The chestnut oak is easily distinguished from the swamp white oak because that tree has whitened undersides on the leaves. Another important distinction between the chestnut oak and the swamp chestnut oak is by the habitat; if it grows on a ridge, it is chestnut oak, and if it grows in wet bottomlands, it is probably the more massive swamp chestnut oak; however, this is not fully reliable. Characteristics of the chestnut oak include:[10]
The acorns of the chestnut oak are {{convert|1.5|–|3|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|–|2|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} broad,[5] among the largest of Native American oaks, surpassed in size only by the bur oak and possibly swamp chestnut oak.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Ecology{{expand section|date=October 2011}}UsesChestnut oak trees are generally not the best timber trees because they are usually branched low and not very straight, but when they grow in better conditions, they are valuable for timber, which is marketed as 'mixed white oak'. References1. ^{{Tropicos}} 2. ^{{GRIN|id=400316|taxon=Quercus montana}} 3. ^The Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups (Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105224138/http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/ncTIIIe.shtml |date=January 5, 2011 }} 4. ^Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina: third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation. 5. ^1 {{eFloras|1|233501064|Quercus montana |family=Fagaceae |first=Kevin C. |last=Nixon}} 6. ^{{ITIS|id=19398|taxon=Quercus prinus L.}} 7. ^{{ITIS|id=19379|taxon=Quercus montana Willd.}} 8. ^The confusion arose from differing identifications of the type specimens for the Linnaean name, by some (but not all) botanists considered resolved by close examination of the leaf pubescence, which differs in the two species. 9. ^Archibald William Smith {{google books|ahNMkgoNJ7IC|A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins|page=239}} 10. ^{{cite book | last =Keeler | first =Harriet L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them | publisher =Charles Scriber's Sons | year =1900 | location =New York | pages =338–344 }} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/forest/htmls/trees/Q-montana.html|title=Quercus montana|website=www.museum.state.il.us|access-date=2019-02-01}} External links
9 : Quercus|Hardwood forest plants|Trees of the Eastern United States|Trees of Eastern Canada|Trees of the Great Lakes region (North America)|Flora of the Northeastern United States|Flora of the Southeastern United States|Flora of the Appalachian Mountains|Plants described in 1753 |
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