| 词条 | Quttinirpaaq National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Quttinirpaaq National Park | iucn_category = II | map = Canada | map_caption = Location of Quttinirpaaq National Park in Canada | location = Nunavut, Canada | nearest_town = Resolute | coords = {{Coord|82|13|N|072|13|W|type:landmark_region:CA-NU_scale:2000000|display=inline,title|name=Quttinirpaaq National Park}} | area_km2 = 37775 | established = 1988| visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Parks Canada }}Quttinirpaaq National Park is a Canadian national park. Located on the northeastern corner of Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, the most northerly extent of Canada, it is the second most northerly park on Earth after Northeast Greenland National Park. In Inuktitut, Quttinirpaaq means "top of the world".[1][2] It was established as Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve in 1988, and the name was changed to Quttinirpaaq in 1999,[3] when Nunavut was created, and became a national park in 2000.[4] The reserve covers {{convert|37775|km2}},[5] making it the second largest park in Canada, after Wood Buffalo National Park. LandscapeThe land is dominated by rock and ice. It is a polar desert with very little annual precipitation. Much of the highlands of the park are covered in ice caps. These ice caps, and the glaciers that descend from them, date back at least to the last episode of glaciation. The park includes Barbeau Peak, which at {{convert|2616|m|abbr=on|0}} is the highest mountain in Nunavut. WildlifeSome wildlife, notably Arctic hares, lemmings, muskoxen and Arctic wolves reside in this national park, but sparse vegetation and low temperatures support only small populations. There is a very small Peary caribou population as well. Other animal inhabitants include ringed seals, bearded seals, walruses, polar bears, and narwhals. During summer months, birds nest in the park including semipalmated plovers, red knots, gyrfalcons and long-tailed jaegers. Common plants include dwarf willow and Arctic cotton, in addition to grasses and lichens. Plant and animal life is more concentrated in the Lake Hazen region, which has a milder climate than the surrounding ice cap-covered mountains and valleys. Human historyDue to its high latitude and limited wildlife, there has never been any significant human presence within this part of Ellesmere Island. The pass from Tanquary Fiord through to Lake Hazen shows evidence of being used by Arctic people since about 5000 years ago. Tent rings and food caches show that the area was visited by pre-Dorset, Dorset and Thule people, the ancestors of modern Inuit. The east and north end of the island was used as a starting point for various polar explorations. Fort Conger was an early Arctic exploration research base, and is now maintained as a Federal Heritage Building.[6] ParkParks Canada maintains warden stations and gravel air strips at Tanquary Fiord Airport, Lake Hazen and Ward Island. Tanquary Fiord and Lake Hazen are the main access points for tourists.[7] Beyond these warden stations, there are no facilities within the park itself. Two backpacking routes are the route between Lake Hazen and Tanquary Fiord, and a loop around the Ad Astra and Viking ice caps, both approximately {{convert|100|km}}. In 2004, the park was one of nine sites added to Canada's tentative list of potential World Heritage Sites.[8] The park was honoured on a postage stamp issued by Canada Post on January 14, 2019.[9] It was a first-class rate stamp, issued at a value of 90 cents, and part of a nine-stamp definitive (regular) set issued the same day, in a series which debuted in 2018. Gallery{{Gallery|title=Quttinirpaaq National Park |lines=4 |File:Quttinirpaaq National Park map-fr.png|Map of Quttinirpaaq National Park |File:Tanquary Fiord 16 1997-08-05.jpg|Gull Glacier in Tanquary Fiord |File:Tanquary_Fiord_2_1997-08-05.jpg|Tanquary Fiord, showing confluence of Air Force River, Rollrock River and Macdonald River |File:AirForceGlacier.jpg|Air Force Glacier 2011 |File:Quttinirtaaq 7 1997-08-05.jpg|Air Force Glacier 1997 |File:River Beauty.jpg|River Beauty and Ekblaw Lake |File:Scylla-and-Charbydis.jpg|Confluence of Scylla and Charybdis Glaciers |File:Quttinirtaaq 1 1997-08-05.jpg|British Empire Range, in the north of Tanquary Fiord |File:Arctic Fox 1997-08-05.jpg|Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) |File:Lepus arcticus 1997-08-04.jpg|alt=|Arctic hare (Lepidus arcticus) }} See also{{Portal|Geography of Canada}}{{Commons|Quttinirpaaq National Park|Quttinirpaaq Park}}
References1. ^Quttinirpaaq National Park at Nunavut Tourism 2. ^Quttinirpaaq National Park in Nunavut at CBC Kids 3. ^{{cite encyclopedia |title=Quttinirpaaq National Park |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/quttinirpaaq-national-park/ |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |access-date=26 May 2015}} 4. ^{{Cite conference |url = http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/46913/1/Stewart.pdf |title = Cruise tourism in a warming Arctic: Implications for northern National Parks |accessdate = 28 May 2015 |last1 = Stewart |first1 = Emma J. |last2 = Howell |first2 = S. E. L. |last3 = Draper |first3 = D. |last4 = Yackel |first4 = J. |last5 = Tivy |first5 = A. |year = 2008 |conference = Contributed paper for the Canadian Parks for Tomorrow: 40th Anniversary Conference, May 8 to 11, 2008, |publisher = University of Calgary |location = Calgary, Canada |page = 1 |format = PDF }} 5. ^{{Cite web |url = http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/pn-np/nu/quttinirpaaq/index.aspx |title = Quttinirpaaq National Park of Canada |accessdate =28 May 2015 |date = 13 April 2015 |publisher = Parks Canada}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/pn-np/nu/quttinirpaaq/natcul/natcul6.aspx |website=Quttinirpaaq National Park of Canada |title=Cultural Heritage |publisher=Parks Canada |date=18 September 2009 |accessdate=27 February 2010}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/nu/quttinirpaaq/visit/visit2_e.asp |website=Quttinirpaaq National Park of Canada |title=How to Get There |publisher=Parks Canada |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=26 May 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Quttinirpaaq |website=UNESCO - Tentative List |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1943/ |date= |access-date=26 May 2015}} 9. ^[https://www.canadapost.ca/web/en/blogs/announcements/details.page?article=2019/01/14/from_far_and_wide_re&cattype=announcements&cat=newsreleases From Far and Wide returns: nine more stamps celebrating coast-to-coast-to-coast splendor], Canada Post news release, January 14, 2019 External links
6 : Ellesmere Island|Parks in Qikiqtaaluk Region|Protected areas established in 1986|National parks in Nunavut|1986 establishments in the Northwest Territories|Territorial parks of Nunavut |
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