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{{Redirect|Ephippium|the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae|Bulbophyllum}}Ephippia (singular: ephippium) are winter or dry-season eggs of the various species of small crustacean in the order Cladocera (within the Branchiopoda) are provided with an extra shell layer.[1] The extra layer preserves and protects the resting stages inside from harsh environmental conditions until the more favorable times, such as spring, when the reproductive cycle is able to take place once again. Ephippia are part of the back of a mother carrying them until they are fully developed. After molting the ephippium stays in the water, or in the soil of dried puddles, small ponds, and vernal pools. The resting stages are often called eggs, but are in fact embryos with arrested development. Ephippia can rest for many years before the embryo resumes development upon an appropriate hatching stimulus.[1][2]See also- Daphnia
- Daphnia lumholtzi (invasive species)
- Cercopagis pengoi (invasive species)
- Bythotrephes longimanus (invasive species)
- Daphnia magna (large species)
- Daphnia pulex (small, most common)
- Daphnia longispina
- Moina (smallest)
{{Portal|Crustaceans}}References1. ^1 {{cite book |author=N.N.Smirnov |year=2014 |title=The physiology of the Cladocera |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Academic Press }}
2. ^{{cite book |author=Dieter Ebert |year=2005 |title=Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia |chapter=Introduction to Daphnia biology |location=Bethesda, MD |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |isbn=978-1-932811-06-3 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2042/}}
General references- {{cite book | author=Ebert, D. | date=2005 | title=Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia | publisher=Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2036/?term=Ebert |authorlink= Dieter Ebert}}
- {{cite book | author=Lampert, W. | date=2011 | title=Daphnia: development of a model organism in ecology and evolution | publisher=Oldendorf/Luhe: Internat. Ecology Inst.}}
- {{cite book | author=Smirnov, N. N. | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}
- {{cite book | author = Frederick Schram |title=Crustacea |isbn=978-0-19-503742-5 |publisher = Oxford University Press |year=1986 |authorlink= Frederick Schram}}
External links{{Commons category|Cladocera}}{{Commons category|Branchiopoda}}{{Wikispecies|Daphnia}}{{Branchiopoda}} 3 : Branchiopoda|Fishkeeping|Freshwater crustaceans |