词条 | R-27 (air-to-air missile) |
释义 |
|is_missile=yes |name=R-27 AA-10 Alamo |image= Mig 29 firing AA-10.JPG |image_size= 300 |caption=German Air Force MiG-29 firing an R-27 |origin= Soviet Union |type=Medium-range, air-to-air tactical missile, anti-radiation missile |used_by= |wars= Iran-Iraq War Eritrean-Ethiopian War War in Donbass Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen |manufacturer=Vympel |unit_cost=N/A |propellant= |production_date= |service=1983–present |engine=High performance, w. directed-rocket motor |engine_power=Solid-fuel rocket motor |weight= {{convert|253|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |length= {{convert|4.08|m|ft|abbr=on}} |height= |diameter= {{convert|230|mm|in|abbr=on}} |wingspan= {{convert|772|mm|in|abbr=on}} |speed=Mach 4.5{{cn|date=March 2018}} |vehicle_range=R-27T: up to 40 km R-27R: up to 80 km R-27P: up to 80 km R-27ER: up to 130 km R-27ET: up to 120 km R-27EP: up to 130 km R-27EA: up to 130 km R-27EM: up to 170 km[1][2] |ceiling= |altitude=N/A |filling=blast/fragmentation, or continuous rod |filling_weight= {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |guidance=semi-active radar homing (A/C), active-radar-homing (R-27EA), infrared homing (B/D), passive radar (E/F) |detonation=radar-proximity and impact fuzes |launch_platform=Su-27, Su-30, Su-33, Su-34, Su-35, Su-37, MiG-23, MiG-29, Yak-141, Su-57, local conversion as a Surface to Air Missile in Yemen[3] }} The Vympel R-27 missile (NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo) is a medium-to-long-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. It remains in service with the Russian Air Force and air forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The R-27 is manufactured in infrared-homing (R-27T)[4], semi-active-radar-homing (R-27R)[5], and active-radar-homing (R-27EA)[6] versions, in both Russia and Ukraine. The R-27 missile is carried by the Mikoyan MiG-29 and Sukhoi Su-27 fighters, and some of the later-model MiG-23MLD fighters have also been adapted to carry it. The R-27 missile is also license-produced in China,{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} though the production license was bought from Ukraine instead of Russia. Variants
R-27R and ER variants can be used in any meteorological conditions. Launch can made at less than 5 g overload and less 50 deg/s roll rate.[7] It is allowed to redesignate targets during flight, or sharing target illumination with other aircraft. R-27T and ET variants can be used out of cloudiness, at least 15 degrees away from the bearing of sun, and 4 degrees away from the bearing of moon and ground-based head-contrasting conditions. In cases of maximum head-on range launches where lock-command cannot be utilised, missile can be fired in PPS: In this mode, missile will fly straight until achieves target lock. As missile lacks capability of maneuvering before lock, aircraft itself must maneuver so that missile will be pointed to no more than 15 degrees bearing of the target for confident capture by the IR seeker after launch. Equalising altitude is recommended but not required.[8] On combat operations section of the Su-27 manual, this mode of usage is especially recommended for head-on usage for passive attacks at targets with 0 degrees approach angle (i.e. another fighter moving to intercept), leaving target unalerted to incoming missile.[9] Launch can be made at 0 to 7 g, but limited to 6 g if roll induced slip is more than 2× diameter of the ball.[7] Other Variants:
Operational serviceEthiopia and EritreaIn the 1999 Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Eritrean MiG-29s fought Ethiopian Su-27s both piloted by Russian mercenaries.[10] There were possibly as many as 24 R-27s fired by both sides. Only one R-27 fired by an Ethiopian Su-27 at an Eritrean MiG-29 proximity-fuzed near enough the MiG that the damaged aircraft eventually crashed on landing, giving the R-27 a hit ratio of only 4%.[11][12] UkraineDuring the War in Donbass, the Ukrainian Air Force claimed that one of its Su-25 was shot down by a Russian Air Force MiG-29 using a R-27T on 16 July 2014.[13] Russian officials denied any involvement.[14] YemenDuring the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) Houthis have used R-27T missiles modified to serve as surface to air missiles. A video released on January 7, 2018 also shows a modified R-27T hitting a Saudi F-15 on a Forward looking infrared camera. Houthi sources claim to have downed the F-15, although this has been disputed, as it appears the missile proximity detonated, though the F-15 continued to fly in its trajectory seemingly unaffected.[15][16]Rebels later released footage showing an aircraft wreck, however serial numbers on the wreckage suggested the aircraft was a Panavia Tornado, also operated by Saudi forces. On January 8, the Saudi Press Agency admitted the loss of an aircraft over Yemen, though it did not clarify whether it was a Tornado or an F-15.[17] On 21 March 2018, Houthi rebels released a video where they hit and possibly shot down a Saudi F-15 in Saada province.[18][19] In the video a R-27T air to air missile adapted for surface to air use was launched, appearing to have successfully hit a jet. As in the video of the previous similar hit recorded on 8 January, the target, while clearly hit, did not appear to be downed. Saudi forces confirmed the hit, while saying the jet safely landed at a Saudi base.[20][21] Saudi official sources confirmed the incident reporting that it happened at 3:48 pm local time after a surface-to-air defense missile was launched at the fighter jet from inside Saada airport.[22][3] OperatorsCurrent operators
Former operators
See also
Similar weapons
References
1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424 |title=The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat |accessdate=2012-11-24 |last= |first= |year=2012 |publisher=ausairpower.net |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/655Sbbsn6?url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424 |archivedate=30 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html|title=The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat|author=Dr C Kopp|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/655Sbbsn6?url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html|archivedate=30 January 2012|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen|title=Saudi Arabia says F-15 survived SAM hit over Yemen - Jane's 360|author=|date=|website=www.janes.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232021/http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen|archivedate=25 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/509/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|author=|date=|website=eng.ktrv.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303190639/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/509/|archivedate=3 March 2014|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/527/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|author=|date=|website=eng.ktrv.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915015518/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/527/|archivedate=15 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/505/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|author=|date=|website=eng.ktrv.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109184346/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/505/|archivedate=9 January 2015|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=129}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=151}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=150}} 10. ^Smith, Charles. "Russian Mercenaries Flying For Ethiopia." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927224502/http://cuttingedge.org/news/n1389.cfm |date=27 September 2010 }} WorldNetDaily, 18 July 2000. Retrieved: 24 October 2010. 11. ^Adal voice of Eritrean's / By:The Air Combat Information Group "Quarrels Over the Border." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033600/http://adalvoice.wordpress.com/2008/04/18/quarrels-over-the-border/ |date=11 August 2011 }}, April 18, 2008. Retrieved: 26 October 2010. 12. ^Cooper, Tom and Jonathan Kyzer. "Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998 - 2000." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210141029/http://s188567700.online.de/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=138&Itemid=47 |date=10 February 2009}} ACIG.org, 10 February 2008. Retrieved: 24 October 2010. 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russian-military-plane-shot-down-ukrainian-su-25-aircraft-in-ukraine-356422.html|title=Russian military plane shot down Ukrainian Su-25 aircraft in Ukraine|work=Kyiv Post|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115224856/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russian-military-plane-shot-down-ukrainian-su-25-aircraft-in-ukraine-356422.html|archivedate=15 November 2015|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html|title=Russia Rejects 'Absurd' Accusation Over Downed Ukrainian Jet|publisher=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717140524/http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html|archivedate=17 July 2014|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://theaviationist.com/2018/01/09/yemens-shiite-houthis-claim-saudi-f-15-kill-with-sam-over-capital-city-of-sanaa/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-01-09 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109172319/https://theaviationist.com/2018/01/09/yemens-shiite-houthis-claim-saudi-f-15-kill-with-sam-over-capital-city-of-sanaa/ |archivedate=9 January 2018 |df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage|title=Yemen rebels release F-15 ‘shoot down’ footage - Jane's 360|author=|date=|website=www.janes.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102001/http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage|archivedate=24 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-03-24 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102001/http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage |archivedate=24 March 2018 |df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201803211062773665-houthi-rebels-saudi-arabia-jet/|title=Yemen's Houthi Rebels Claim They Hit Saudi Arabian F-15 Jet - Reports (VIDEO)|date= |publisher=Sputnik News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204902/https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201803211062773665-houthi-rebels-saudi-arabia-jet/|archivedate=22 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofislamabad.com/22-Mar-2018/saudi-military-f-15-fighter-jet-shot-down-in-yemen-report|title=Saudi Military F - 15 fighter jet shot down in Yemen: Report|author=|date=22 March 2018|website=timesofislamabad.com|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513005142/https://timesofislamabad.com/22-Mar-2018/saudi-military-f-15-fighter-jet-shot-down-in-yemen-report|archivedate=13 May 2018|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MbKS15/status/976524371576737795|title=محمد بن خالد on Twitter|author=|date=|website=twitter.com|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513005142/https://twitter.com/MbKS15/status/976524371576737795|archivedate=13 May 2018|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen/|title=Saudi Arabia says F-15 survived SAM hit over Yemen - Jane's 360|author=|date=|website=www.janes.com|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102302/http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen/|archivedate=24 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/03/21/Coalition-fighter-jet-targeted-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-Saada.html|title=Coalition fighter jet unsuccessfully targeted by defense missile over Saada|author=|date=|publisher=Al Arabiya|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325051132/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/03/21/Coalition-fighter-jet-targeted-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-Saada.html|archivedate=25 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}
External links{{Commons category|Vympel_R-27}}
6 : Weapons of Russia|Anti-radiation missiles|Air-to-air missiles of Russia|Air-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union|Cold War air-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union|Vympel NPO products |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。