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词条 Equality Act (United States)
释义

  1. Content

  2. History

  3. Public opinion

  4. Support

      Organizations    Businesses  

  5. Legislative activity

      114th Congress    H.R. 3185    S. 1858    115th Congress    H.R. 2282    S. 1006    116th Congress    H.R.5    S. 788  

  6. Legislative history

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

The Equality Act is a bill in the United States Congress, that, if passed, would amend the Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and the jury system.[1]

The Equality Act was jointly introduced in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate on March 13, 2019, with the support of both Democratic and Republican members of Congress, national civil rights organizations (including the NAACP, the Anti-Defamation League and the Human Rights Campaign), international human rights organizations (including Human Rights Watch), major professional associations (including the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Counseling Association, the American Federation of Teachers, and the American Bar Association), and major businesses (including Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, eBay, IBM, Facebook, Twitter, Visa, Mastercard, Intel, and Netflix).[2][3]

Content

The Equality Act updates the definitions of three terms:[4]

  • "sex" to include a sex stereotype, sexual orientation or gender identity, and pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condition
  • "sexual orientation" as homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality
  • "gender identity" as gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or characteristics, regardless of the individual's designated sex at birth.

The Equality Act expands the categories of "public accommodations" to include places or establishments that provide:[4]

  • exhibitions, recreation, exercise, amusement, gatherings, or displays
  • goods, services, or programs, including a store, a shopping center, an online retailer or service provider, a salon, a bank, a gas station, a food bank, a service or care center, a shelter, a travel agency, a funeral parlor, or a health care, accounting, or legal service
  • transportation services

The Equality Act prohibits "establishment" from being construed to be limited to a physical facility or place.[4]

History

The original Equality Act was developed by U.S. Representatives Bella Abzug (D-NY) and Ed Koch (D-NY) in 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 sought to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and marital status in federally assisted programs, housing sales, rentals, financing, and brokerage services. The bill authorized civil actions by the Attorney General of the United States in cases of discrimination on account of sex, sexual orientation, or marital status in public facilities and public education. On June 27, 1974, the bill was referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, but did not proceed to a vote in the full United States House of Representatives.[5]

Public opinion

{{See also|Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States}}

A nationwide and state-by-state poll on the issue conducted throughout 2017 by the Public Religion Research Institute as part of the annual American Values Atlas survey revealed that 70% of Americans, including a majority in every state, supported laws that would protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people against discrimination, while 23% opposed such laws, and 8% had no opinion.[6][7][8]

Support

The Equality Act is supported by over 330 organizations and over 180 businesses, including the following:[2][3]

Organizations

{{Div col}}
  • NAACP
  • Anti-Defamation League
  • Human Rights Campaign
  • GLSEN
  • Lambda Legal
  • Human Rights Watch
  • American Civil Liberties Union
  • American Medical Association
  • American Psychological Association
  • American Counseling Association
  • American Federation of Teachers
  • American Bar Association
{{Div col end}}

Businesses

{{Div col}}
  • Apple
  • Google
  • Microsoft
  • Amazon
  • eBay
  • IBM
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Visa
  • Mastercard
  • Intel
  • Netflix
  • Abercrombie & Fitch
  • Airbnb
  • Alaska Airlines
  • American Airlines
{{Div col end}}

Legislative activity

114th Congress

H.R. 3185

On July 23, 2015, Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) introduced the Equality Act of 2015 in the United States House of Representatives.

In January 2016, Rep. Bob Dold (R-IL) became the first Republican Representative to co-sponsor the bill.[9] Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) became the second Republican to co-sponsor the bill in September 2016.

S. 1858

On July 23, 2015, Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced the Equality Act of 2015 in the United States Senate.

In January 2016, Sen. Mark Kirk (R-IL) became the first and only Republican Senator to co-sponsor the bill.

All Democrats and Independents cosponsored the bill with the exception of Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND), Joe Donnelly (D-IN), Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Jon Tester (D-MT)

115th Congress

H.R. 2282

On May 2, 2017, Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) introduced the Equality Act of 2017 in the United States House of Representatives.

Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) was the only Republican to co-sponsor the bill from the outset, with Rep.

Scott Taylor (R-VA) becoming the second Republican to co-sponsor the bill on May 26, 2017

S. 1006

On May 2, 2017, Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced the Equality Act of 2017 in the United States Senate.

All Democrats and Independents cosponsored the bill with the exceptions of Joe Donnelly (D-IN) and Joe Manchin (D-WV).

116th Congress

H.R.5

On March 13, 2019, Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) introduced the Equality Act of 2019 in the United States House of Representatives. The bill is sponsored by 237 Democrats and 3 Republicans.

S. 788

On March 13, 2019, Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced the Equality Act of 2019 in the United States Senate. The bill is sponsored by 43 Democrats, 2 Independents, and 1 Republican.

Legislative history

Congress Short title Bill number(s) Date introduced Sponsor(s) # of cosponsors Latest status
114th CongressEquality Act of 2015114|H.R.|3185}} July 23, 2015 David Cicilline
(D-RI)		 178 Died in committee
114|S.|1858}} July 23, 2015 Jeff Merkley
(D-OR)		 42 Died in committee
115th CongressEquality Act of 2017115|H.R.|2282}} May 2, 2017 David Cicilline
(D-RI)		 198 Died in committee
115|S.|1006}} May 2, 2017 Jeff Merkley
(D-OR)		 47 Died in committee
116th CongressEquality Act of 2019116|H.R.|5}} March 13, 2019 David Cicilline
(D-RI)		 240 Referred to committee
116|S.|788}} March 13, 2019 Jeff Merkley
(D-OR)		 46 Referred to committee

See also

  • Employment Non-Discrimination Act
  • LGBT employment discrimination in the United States

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=The Equality Act|url=https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-equality-act|publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|title=334 ORGANIZATIONS ENDORSING THE EQUALITY ACT|url=https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/Orgs_Endorsing_EqualityAct.pdf?_ga=2.173057379.1167392404.1554363031-1646103207.1554363031|publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Business Coalition for the Equality Act|url=https://www.hrc.org/resources/business-coalition-for-equality|publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}
4. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/3185|title=H.R.3185 - Equality Act|publisher=United States Congress|date=July 23, 2015}} {{PD-notice}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/93rd-congress/house-bill/15692?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22equality+act%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=43|title=Congress - Equality Act|last=|first=|date=2017|publisher=United States Congress|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Emerging Consensus on LGBT Issues: Findings From the 2017 American Values Atlas|url=https://www.prri.org/research/emerging-consensus-on-lgbt-issues-findings-from-the-2017-american-values-atlas/|website=Public Religion Research Institute}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=PRRI - American Values Atlas|url=http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2017/States/lgbtdis/2,3,9|website=Public Religion Research Institute}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=70% Of Americans Support LGBT Anti-Discrimination Laws|url=http://www.newnownext.com/70-of-americans-support-lgbt-non-discrimination-laws/02/2016/|publisher=NewNowNext}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/1/15/bob-dold-illinois-first-republican-cosponsor-equality-act|title=Bob Dold of Illinois Is First Republican Cosponsor of Equality Act|website=The Advocate|date=January 15, 2016}}
Attribution:
  • This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "[https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/3185 H.R.3185 - Equality Act]".

External links

  • [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/hr3185 H.R. 3185: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack]
  • [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/s1858 S. 1858: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack]
  • [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr2282 H.R. 2282: The Equality Act of 2017 on GovTrack]
  • [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/s1006 S. 1006: The Equality Act of 2017 on GovTrack]

7 : Proposed legislation of the 114th United States Congress|Proposed legislation of the 115th United States Congress|2015 in LGBT history|Anti-discrimination law in the United States|LGBT rights in the United States|Transgender law in the United States|LGBT law in the United States
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