“Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist, BWV 45”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

{{lang|de|Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist}} (It has been told to you, man, what is good), {{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}45 is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for the eighth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 11 August 1726.

History and words

Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the Eighth Sunday after Trinity.^[2] It is part of his third cantata cycle.^[3]

The prescribed readings for the Sunday are from the Epistle to the Romans, "For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Romans|chapter=8|verse=12|range=–17}}), and from the Gospel of Matthew, the warning of false prophets from the Sermon on the Mount ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=7|verse=15|range=–23}}). Here and in {{lang|de|Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden, BWV 88 |italic=unset}}, composed three weeks before, the text is similar in structure and content to cantatas of Johann Ludwig Bach. The text is attributed to Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, published in a 1705 collection.^[3] The poet chose for the opening a verse of the prophet Micah, "He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Micah|chapter=6|verse=8}}), which is related to the famous saying of Jesus "Ye shall know them by their fruits", and "but he that doeth the will of my Father" from the Gospel. The poet connected to the image of the servant as mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=12|verse=42|range=–47}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=16|verse=1|range=–9}}. The central movement, opening the second part (marked {{lang|it|Parte seconda}}) to be performed after the sermon, is a quotation of verse 22 from the Gospel, "Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works?". The following aria is a paraphrase of {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=10|verse=32}}. The cantata is closed by the second stanza of Johann Heermann's hymn "O Gott, du frommer Gott" (1630).^[2]^[6] The cantata is a symmetrical structure around the central Gospel quotation, beginning with the Old Testament and leading to the chorale.

Scoring and structure

The cantata in seven movements is scored for three vocal soloists (alto, tenor, and bass), a four-part choir, two flauti traversi, two oboes, two violins, viola and basso continuo.^[2]

Music

The opening chorus is a complex structure, beginning with an extended instrumental section, then alternating fugal sections with others in which the vocal parts are embedded in the orchestral concerto. Both recitatives are secco. The tenor aria is accompanied by the strings in dance-like character.^[2]

The central movement, the quotation from the Gospel, is given to the bass as the {{lang|la|vox Christi}} (voice of Christ). Bach marks it Arioso and has the strings play in vivid movement, to passionately emphasize the words. The strings open the movement and repeat that music four times in different keys, the bass part shows bold leaps and rich coloraturas.^[2] John Eliot Gardiner observes:{{quote|The second part of the cantata opens with a movement for bass and strings marked arioso – deceptively so (it is Bach’s way of flagging up utterances by Christ in person as distinct from passages of indirect speech), as in truth this is a full blown, highly virtuosic aria, half Vivaldian concerto, half operatic scena.^[11]}}

The figuration is similar in the following alto aria, but mellow in the solo flute with continuo, matching the consoling words. The closing chorale on a melody by Ahasverus Fritsch^[12] is set in four parts.^[2]

Recordings

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book| last = Dürr| first = Alfred| authorlink = Alfred Dürr| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach| year = 1981| publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag| isbn = 3-423-04080-7| volume = 1| edition = 4| pages = 385–387| language = German}}
2. ^¹{{Cite AV media notes | last = Gardiner| first = John Eliot| author-link = John Eliot Gardiner| url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG147b| title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 45, 46, 101, 102, 136 & 178 (Cantatas Vol 5)| publisher = Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website)| year = 2008| accessdate = 11 August 2018}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web| last = Wolff| first = Christoph| authorlink = Christoph Wolff| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Koopman-C18c%5BAM-3CD%5D.pdf| title = The third yearly cycle of Leipzig cantatas (1725–1727), III| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| year = 2008| page = 13| accessdate = 9 August 2011}}
4. ^¹{{cite web| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale013-Eng3.htm| title = O Gott, du frommer Gott / Text and Translation of Chorale| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| year = 2006| accessdate = 8 August 2011}}
5. ^¹{{cite web| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/O-Gott-du-frommer-Gott.htm| title = Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / O Gott, du frommer Gott| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| year = 2006| accessdate = 9 August 2011}}

History and words

Scoring and structure

Music

Recordings

References

Sources